92 NYMPHALID.^. DANAINiE. EUPLCEA. 



E. irawada appears to be very rare ; we know of no specimens in collections in India, 

 unless those of E. rogenhoferi from Bassein referred to above really belong to this species. 

 These specimens answer exactly to the description of ^. iraivada, but they are inseparable from 

 the Assam examples of E. rogcnhofet i. 



40- Enploea margarlta, Butler. 



E. marg'ariia, 'But\eT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 279, n. 34 ; Salpinx tnar^-arita, Moore, d., 1878, 

 p. 823 ; E. adainsoni, Marshall, Journ. A. S. B., vol. xlix, part ii, p. 245 (1880). 



Habitat : Upper Tenasserim, Penang, Malacca. 



Expanse : $ , y() to 4*2 ; $ , 41 to 4-5 inches. 



Description : Upperside, olivaceous-fuscous ; forewing fuscescent, shot with blue and 

 green, with one white costal spot ; in the male with two blue discal spots, one subapical dot, 

 one anal, and one submarginal, ochreous ; in the female with one white discal spot. Hind- 

 7</i«o- of the MALE with the costal margin ochreous-white, a rather large ochreous subcostal 

 spot, and two submarginal rows of ochreous-white spots on the outer margin ; of the female 

 with two rows of spots, those at the anal angle coalescing; the inner row elongate. Body 

 swarthy, blackish in front with white spots. Underside paler ; forewing with some scattered 

 submarginal white dots, and one costal, two discal spots, the lower large and elongate, and a 

 lunule in the cell, iridescent ; the inner margin pale. Of the fkmale with an elongate 

 ochreous discal streak placed near the margin. A'/w^wz';/^ of the male with five dots, of the 

 FEMALE with six discal, and two in the cell, white, iridescent ; the submarginal spots as on 

 the upperside ; and the base dotted with white. Body blackish swarthy, dotted with white- 

 AntenncE black." (Butler, 1. c.) 



The brilliant blue shot does not, as would be gathered from the original description above, 

 cover the entire forewing ; it never extends beyond the submarginal series of spots, and in 

 many specimens it does not cover more than two-thirds of the distance from the base, the whole 

 of the outer portion of the wing being paler bright brown with no trace of blue. In typical 

 E. margarita, where the blue shot extends to the position of the submarginal series, the co.^ta is 

 comparatively short, the apex somewhat acuminate, and the outer margin distinctly convex ; on 

 the other hand, where the blue shot is confined to the basal two-thirds, the costa is lower, the apex 

 rounded, and the exterior margin straighter, sometimes even somewhat emarginate ; this latter 

 form was, owing to the wording of the original description, redescribed as E. adamsoni* Mar- 

 shall, (Journ. A. S. B., vol. xlix, part ii, p. 245, 1880). It is possible that the two forms may 

 still be distinct, but numerous intermediate varieties occur, and we are unable to separate them. 



Euplaa mar^arita has as yet been found only in Tenasserim and the Mergui Archipelago, 

 where Dr. J. Anderson took it somewhat commonly in the cold weather. Captain C. H. E. 

 Adamson took a single male at Moulmein in the autumn ; another male was subsequently 

 taken at the Mayla Choung in September ; numerous specimens were taken by Captain C. T. 

 Bingham in the Thoungyeen forests in December ; and again in June by Captain Adamson near 

 Moulmein. The female differs from the male in the absence of the usual sexual marks, 

 namely the silky stripe on the forewing and the yellowish-white patch on the hindwing ; the sexual 

 mark on the forewing is however replaced on the underside by a lengthened violet streak in the 

 position of the mark in the male ; also in having the inner margin of the forewing straight, not 

 convex, and the submarginal series of spots on the hindwing considerably larger and more 

 elongate, the spots in and around the cell are also more prominent. 



The next three species, E. crassa, E. erichsonii, and E. masoni, are also very closely allied ; 

 typical specimens of each are easily separable, but numerous intermediate forms occur, and all 

 three are found in the same localities. It is probable that they are all merely varieties of one 

 species, E. erichsonii ; the extent to which the suhma rginalseries is continued towards the 



• Euploea adamsoni, MarshalL Habitat : Moulmein. Expansr : 3-6 to 4 inches. DKscRtpriON : Male; 

 Allied to .£. j»/cr-*a, Herbst, but differing on the UPPERSIUE of the y<Jr<;iw:»p- in that the brilliant blue gloss is 

 confined to the basal two-thirds not reaching to the costa or the inner margin, and that the spots are reduced to 

 four in number, all very small, one subcostal above the end of the cell, and one at the end of the cell, both lilac ; 

 and two near anal angle, one marjjiaal, the other submargioal, white. Hindwing as in E, supcrba. 



