NYMPHALID^. DANAIN/E. EUPLCEA, 79 



the median interspaces ; the spot in tlie cell and the spot in the lower median interspace are 

 however sometimes wanting. The two marginal series of spots on the hindwing occasionally 

 do not reach the anal angle. On the underside there are either two or three discal spots on 

 the forewing, besides invariably one in the cell. The females are a little more variable ; 

 some have a spot in the cell of the forewing on the upperside, and two spots in the median 

 interspaces ; others have a complete series of five spots, one in each interspace, outside the cell 

 and two subcostal spots. The marginal series of dots are sometimes obsolescent towards 

 the apex. 



An allied species, E. malayica* is recorded from Penang, &c. 



Sixth Group.— Ev?hCE.\, Fabricius (Restricted).— " The species of this group are for the 

 most part similar in form to those of the Ci-astla group ; but the male has a more or less 

 strongly defined longitudinal brand on the interno-median area of ihe forewing." (Bu(/er, 

 Journ. Linn. Soc, Zoology, vol. xiv, p. 299, 1878). The true Eu/>/a:as are the most widely 

 spread of all the groups, and present the greatest variation in colour. There are fourteen species 

 in the Indian region, and one or other species is found commonly in almost every part of 

 India. 



Sey to the Indian species of Euploea. 



A. With the sexual brand short (under '20 of an inch, except in JS. suhdita -25), narrow, incon<;picuous. 



a. Velvety brown, with a more or less complete and conspicuous double row of whitish spots on 



the outer border of both wings. 



a>. Forewing with the spots of inner row at apex rounded. 



61. E. CORE, India. 



b^. Forewing with the inner spots at apex large and elongate. 



62. E. VERMICULATA, N. India. 



c*. Forewing with the outer spots at apex obsolescent. 



63. E. ASELA, Ceylon. 

 E. LAVARDi, Siam. 



<^'. As in E, core, but with the basal area shot with blue, the spots smaller. 



64. E. suBDiTA, Burma. 



b. Deep swarthy, with border spots small and rounded. 



a'. Hindtving with inner row usually conspicuous. 



65. E. ESPERi, Nicobars. 



^'. Hindwing with the inner row wanting. 



66. E. FRAUENFELDii, Ceylou. 



* Crastia malayica, Butler, Journ. I.inn. Soc, Zoology, vol. xiv, p. 297 (1878); Euplxa fizalaytca. 

 Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 22, pi. ii, fig. 7 (1882), male. Habitat: Malacca, Penang, Singapore. Expanse: 

 4'6 inches. Drscription : " Closely allied to Crastia oc/isenheimeri, Moore, t but larger, considerably 

 darker, and with the white spots much larger, both the siibmarginal series in the hhidiuiiig oi the male complete; 

 the FKMALK with a spot in the cell, followed by three complete series." (Btitler, 1. c) " This is but a constant 

 local race of E. ocliscnhcimeri, Moore, a species which Butler considers is probably the E. gylUnhalii, Lucas, and 

 is apparently confined to Java. The Bornean form has also been separated, under the name E. scudderi. 

 E. malayica is in itself variable, as in a second male specimen which I possess, the spots on the upper surface 

 are much smaller, and the submargiual spots to the hindwing are very faint and obscure towards the anal angle.* 

 {Distant, 1. c.) 



t Eupliea ocJisenheiiiieriy Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C, vol. i, p. 132, n. 264 (1857). 

 Habitat : Java. Expanse : 3*75 inche-;. Description : Male : Upprrside silky brown, darkest on the 

 hindwing, and having a golden-greenish metallic lustre in some lights. Forczving with a submarginal row of 

 small white spots (two between each nervule) ; two other parallel rows of somewhat larger spots (one between 

 each nervule in each row) ; also one spot between first and second branches of subcostal vein, and one within 

 the discoidal cell ; narrow czV/'a between indentations spotted with white, //indivi fig with two short rows of 

 four very small white spots near anterior angle ; narrow cilia spotted with white. Underside as above, 

 but the hindwing having the submarginal row of white spots continued along the whole margin ; also a row 

 outside discoidal cell ; some white spots also at the base of the wings. Fbmalh paler, the rows of white spots 

 on UPPERSIDE o{ /brewing deposed exactly the same, but are larger, those on the hindwing more straggling, and 

 but few being distinct. Undersidh as above, theybrewinghRving also a longitudinal club-shaped streak between 

 submedian and median nervures. Hindwing with three rows of white spots, also one spot within discoidal 

 cell, and some spots disposed at base of the wings. Shape of wings as in Euplcea jnidamus." {Moote^ 1. c. j 



