8a NYMPHALTD^. DANAIN^. EUPLCEA. 



Description r " Male and Female, Upperside dark velvety olive-brown, broadly 

 paler externally. Forewing with a submarginal and less distinct lower marginal row of small 

 brownish-white spots, the former series curving to the costa before the apex. Male with a 

 single short slender sericeous streak between the first median nervule and submedian nervure, 

 Hind-Miug with a submarginal row of brownish-white oval spots, and a marginal row of smaller 

 round spots. Underside paler, both rows of marginal spots clearer ; both wings with a 

 small spot at end of the cell, and a contiguous discal curved series of spots. Body blackish ; 

 thorax, head, palpi, forelegs and abdomen beneath white spotted ; middle and hindlegs 

 beneath white streaked." 



"Larva cylindrical, purple-white or dove-colour, with a pair of curled red fleshy fila- 

 ments on three of the anterior segments, and a pair on the twelfth segment ; each segment 

 transversely barred with narrow white lines, lateral band pinkish-white with black and red 

 dots ; abdominal line black ; head and legs black, streaked with white. Feeds on Nerium 

 oleander, &c. Pupa golden yellow, constricted below the thorax, streaked and banded with 

 brown ; dorsal segments black spotted." {Moore, Lep Cey. ) 



In Ceylon *' found everywhere, in the plains and up to 6,000 feet, in forest or open 

 ground. At Colombo it occurs from October to January ; elsewhere all the year. Flight 

 slow, heavy. Often comes into the house in numbers, sometimes settling on one's clothes." 

 {Hutchison). The typical form is found in the island of Ceylon, but specimens from south 

 India approach this form very closely, just as in the parallel case of Danais ^rammica and 

 £>. ceylanica. E. asela is apparently only a geographical variety of the Indian E. core. 



In Siam another species, E. layardi* occurs, which appears to be closely allied to this 

 group : it seems to diff"er only from E. asda in having a subcostal spot above the upper end 

 of the cell, and another spot below the lower end of the cell in the second median interspace. 



64. Euploea SUTjdlta, Moore. 

 E. subdita, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 823. 



Habitat : Akyab, Upper Tenasserim. 



Expanse: $ , 3-13 to 3-90 ; ? , 370 inches. 



Description : "Allied to E. core. M\lr: Upperside paler, markings similar, smaller 

 and paler. Forewing, shorter, broader, and the posterior margin more convex ; basal area 

 slightly blue-glossed ; markings indistinct." {Moore, I.e.) The female differs from the same 

 sex of E. core in being paler, the submarginal row of spots on the forewing reduced to two at 

 the apex, and three at the posterior angle, these spots all very small ; the marginal series 

 reduced to five, which are confined towards the posterior angle of the wing. Both series of 

 spots on the /iind^vino are also smaller. 



The male of this species can at once be distinguished from F. core by the perceptible 

 blue gloss of the forewing, and the female by the two series of spots on the forewing being 

 compared with E. core, almost obsolete. 



The Indian Museum has two specimens, male and female, taken by Mr. Wood-Mason, at 

 Akyab, in September. 



The next two species, E. esperi and E. fraueufeldii, are closely allied, but as in the 

 parallel cases of E. coniorta and E. scherzeri, and of Danais nicobarica and D. exprompta, the 

 local races are separable ; the Ceylon species E. fratienfeidii differing from the Nicobar form 

 chiefly in the almost complete absence of the inner marginal row of spots on the hindwing, 

 and the fainter development of the outer row. E. frauen/eldii is very rare, and the female is 



* E. layardi, Druce. Habitat: Chentaboom, Siam. Expanse: 4 inches. "Description: Upperside, 

 brown, paler round tfie outer margin. Foreiving. with two whitish spots at the end of [outside] the cell, and a 

 double row of white spots round the outer margin. ///Ww/«^ with a band of oval-shaped white spots crossing 

 it from the anal angle to the anterior margin, and a submarginal row of small white spots. Unoersiob as 

 above, except that all the white spots are plainer." (Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond,, 1874, p. 103, n. 9, pi. xvi, 

 fig. »,) 



