NYMPHALID.E. DANAIN/E. EUPL(EA. 83 



still unknown. E. esperi has recenlly been discovered to be far from uncommon in tlie 

 Nicobar isles, and as might be expected the extent to which the spots of both wings are 

 developed is found to be very vaiiable. In one male specimen from PuloKondol in the 

 Indian Museum, Calcutta, the hindwing has only a single marginal series of dots. Both 

 species differ from the E. core type in the much darker colour of the surface, and the small size 

 of the white spots, also in the presence of discal spots on the upper surface, which are absent 

 from all the races of E. core except E. layardi. 



65- Euplcea esperl, FeUier. 



E, esperi, Felder, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii, p. 482, n. 109 UZti), female ; E.frauenfeldii^ 

 id., R else Nov., Lep., vol. ii, p. 342, n. 474 (1865), femnU; E. esperi, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 

 p. 582 ; id., Wood-Mason and de Niceville, Journ. A. S. B., vol. 1, pt. ii, p. 227 (1S81). 



Habitat : Nicobars. 



Expanse : 3-4 to 3*8 inches. 



Description : " Female.— Wings paler [than in E. frauenfeldii], with the discal 

 spots of the underside shewing througli above. Eorewing with a subcostal spot, three discal 

 (one in the cell), seven others external in a bent series, the two uppermost excepted, rather 

 large (the third larger), and dots before the margin (the uppermost evanescent.) Hindwing 

 with the external spots small and elongate, and rather large dots before the margin swarthy, 

 powdered with white. Underside with the marginal spots of the upperside whiter. Forewing 

 with two subcostal spots, below the second beyond the disco-cellular nervule a pair of elongate 

 spots, narrow, a cellular spot, ^^nuate within, a pair median, a prolonged interior spot and a 

 streak below that. Hindwing with a spot in the cell often geminate, and six around it (the 

 second larger), violet-white." {Felder, 1. c. in Reise Nov.) 



Male swarthy black, markings on the upperside similar to those of the female, but 

 with the usual sexual mark, and the inner margin of forewing convex. On the underside the 

 markings are also similar, but several of the discal spots of the /orezuing are obsolete or wanting. 



This species has as yet only been taken in the Nicobars, where it is one of the commonest 

 Butterflies. 



66. Euploea frauenfoldii, Feider. 



E. frauenfeldii, Felder, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol, xii, p. 479, n. 87 (1862), male, from Ceylon ; 

 Reise Nov. Lep., vol. ii, p. 342, n. 474, male, female, pi. xii, fig. 4, male (1865) ; E. frauenfeldii, Moore, Lep. 

 Cey., p. 12 (1880). 



Habitat : Ceylon. 



Expanse : ^, 3*6 inches (Felder's plate), 4 inches (^Moore). 



Description : "Male : Upperside deep rufescent swarthy. Hindwing a little paler on 

 the margin, the anterior area powdery, and with a somewhat pearly streak as usual. Forewino 

 with a subcostal spot, another discal, five on the outer margin near apex (the second elongate), 

 and dots before the lower outer margin. Hindiving with white dots before the margin in a 

 bent series. Forewing with a cellular spot, and a pair of median spots showing through from 

 the underside, powdered with white. Underside paler, the usual basal dots, the spots of 

 the upperside but whiter. Foreiving with a geminate spot in the cell in addition, another short 

 sublinear, and beyond that a third median somewhat large. Hindwing with a small spot 

 in the cell, and five others in an angulate series around it decreasing, unequal, violet- 

 white. Foewing with an interior raised spot powdered with hoary, and an internal 

 streak somewhat pearly. Hindwing with a minute geminate white spot above the middle of 

 the outer margin." {Felder, 1. c. in Reise Nov.) 



Female unknown. In the '• Reise Novara" Felder unites his E. esperi ^fl\^h. this species 

 describing E. esperi, ?, as the female of E, frauenfeldii, and giving Ceylon as the sole habitat 

 for the species ; but numerous specimens of tlie male of E. espeniKQxw the Nicobars, hitiieito 

 undescribed, are in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. E. /raiien/eliiii'i% known only from Ceylon 

 where it is evidently very rare ; we have never seen a specimen. 



