SUBFAMILY Il.-SATYEINJE, Bates. (Plates X to XVII inclusive.) 



SatyriniT, Bates, Journ. Ent., voL ii, p. 176 (1S64) ; Satyridm, Swainson, Cab. Cycl., pp. 86, 93 {1840) ; 

 id., Westwood, Gen. D. L., p. 352 (1850-52). 



" Body, generally small and weak. Head, small. Eyes, naked, or hairy. Antennct 

 generally short and slender, variable in the form of the club. Labial palpi very much com- 

 pressed, more or less elongated and erect, and clothed in front [in the typical genera] with 

 long porrected hairs. Wings comparatively large, weak in structure, and generally ocellated 

 on the underside. Forewing, often with the nervures at the base swollen ; the subcostal 

 nervure with its branches free ; the first and second emitted [except in Ypthima and Hagadial 

 before the anterior extremity of the discoidal cell, which is generally long and always closed. 

 HiNDWiNG with the discoidal cell closed, and not preceded by a prrediscoidal cell ; the 

 anal margin forming a gutter for the reception of the abdomen. Forelegs, very small, those 

 of the MALE brush-shaped, with exarticulate tarsi ; and those of the female rather longer, 

 more scaly, and with the tarsi articulated ; claws of the HINDLEGS often bifid." 



" Larva, attenuated at the extremity of the body, and almost pisciform,* tomentose,t 

 terminated by two more or less prominent anal points; the head rounded, sometimes 

 emarginate or bifid, or sometimes surmounted by two spines. Generally graminivorous. 

 Pupa, short, cylindric, not (or scarcely) angulated, and not gilt ; suspended by the tail." 

 [IVeshvood, 1. c.) 



"The Satyrincz are found almost all over the globe, being very numerous in temperate 

 climates ; they are usually dull brown or blackish in colouration, occasionally with yellowish 

 or white patches, and on the underside often ocellated and beautifully variegated. Their 

 flight is usually weak and irregular, and they frequent low herbage ; many species affect 

 meadows and open grassy slopes, and a large number are found in woods and shady dells, often 

 settling upon dead leaves, and in accordance with their sombre colouring seem less dependent 

 on sunshine than the gaudy Butterflies are, being often seen on the wing on cloudy and even 

 rainy days when no other Butterflies venture forth. They are distinguished typically by 

 their elongate and very hairy palpi, but this feature is not constant throughout all the genera, 

 as shown in the key which follows, and also by the want of a prsediscoidal cell in the hindwino- ; 

 while the base of one or more of the nervures of the forewing is, in many genera, dilated. 

 The caterpillars live almost entirely on grasses, and feed only during the night. 



The Satyrincs are connected on the one hand with Eitplcea through Zcihera, a very 

 aberrant form ; and on the other hand with Elytnnias through Melanitis and Parantirrhoea. 

 The arrangement of the genera here adopted differs from that in Kirby's Synonymic 

 Catalogue, which appears to be founded on Horsfield's system published in 1S57. It 

 also differs from that of Butler's Catalogue of the Satyridcc in the British Museum, published 

 in 1868, and from that of his " Essay towards an arrangement of the genera" published the 

 same year in the Entomologist'' s Monthly Magazine, (vol. iv, p. 1 93). The primary characters 

 on which the arrangement should be based are not easy to determine ; the clothing of the 

 palpi is probably the most important ; on it the present arrangement is based, and to meet 

 it genera are grouped together which exhibit divergencies in other characters ; but after care- 

 ful study of all the Indian genera, the grouping adopted appears to be the best approximation 

 to the natural order. 



* Pisciform, fish-shaped. t Tombstosb, woolly. 



