g8 NYMPH ALID^. SATYRIN^. ZETHERA. 



thickened towards the point, the articulations distinctly seen. FoREWING large ; the costal 

 margin arched, apex rounded, outer margin sinuated at the middle. Costal nervun 

 reaching to beyond the middle of the wing ; suhrostal nervure with four branches, 

 the first and second near together before the end of the discoidal cell, the third and fourth at a 

 distance from the other two, equidistant from each other and the apex ; discoidal cell short ; 

 upper disco-cellular nei~jiile very short, inclining outwards ; middle disco-cellular also short, 

 somewhat longer than the upper, forming an obtuse angle with it ; louver disco-celhdar long, 

 curved inwardly [in Z. diademoides it is nearly straight], four times the length of the other 

 two together, united to the third branch of the median nervure at a distance from its base, 

 HiNDWiNG oblong circular ; pracostal nervure curved inwardly ; costal nervure joining the 

 costal margin at half its length ; subcostal nervure with its first branch arising at less than 

 a third of the length of the wing ; the discoidal cell short and broad ; the tipper disco-cellular 

 nsrvule arising a little below the first branch from the subcostal nervure, short, inclining out- 

 wards, the lower three times its length, curved, joining the third median nervule [at or] a very 

 little beyond its base. Forelegs, short, robust ; the tibia and tarsi tq\xz\\y thick, clothed with 

 bristles. Hindlegs long and slender ; the tibiis and taisi slightly spined." ( Havitson, 1, c.) 



Zethera is a Malayan genus ; only six species are known, of which four inhabit the 

 Philippine islands, one the Celebes group, and one only is found within Indian limits, where it 

 appears to be a local insect occurring only in Tenasserim, for it is not included in Butler's List 

 of the Butterflies of Malacca (Trans. Linn. Soc, Zoology, second series, vol. i, p. 533, 1876), 

 nor in Distant's " Rhopalocera Malayana." The species from the Celebes, Z. incerta, Hewitson 

 seems to mimic a Danais, but the Indian species, which is of a blackish-brown colour with 

 white border spots, appears to mimic some Euplcea; it is distinguished by the large and very 

 sharply defined character of the inner row of oval spots on the hindwing ; and by having a 

 double marginal series of spots as in many Danais, The genus is a very aberrant one, and 

 though clearly belonging to the Satyrina:, it lacks most of the prominent characteristics 

 of that subfamily ; none of the nervures are perceptibly swollen at the base, the palpi are not 

 clothed with long porrect hairs, and there is no trace of ocellation on the under surface. 



81. Zethera diademoides, Moore. (Plate xiv, Fig. zz$). 



Z. diademoides, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., i878,p. 824, pi. li, fig. 3. 



Habitat : Upper Tenasserim ; Taoo, 3,000 to 5,000 feet ; Moulai, 3,000 to 6,000 feet ; 

 Thoungyeen Forests. 



Expanse : c?, 3"o to 3*2 ; ? , 3*25 inches. 



Description: "Male and Female : Upperside dark brown. /br^'w;'«^, with a sub- 

 marginal series of seven small bluish-white spots, which decrease in size to the costa ; a 

 marginal series of smaller less distinct spots, two between each nervule. Hindwing, with a 

 series of six large broad oval spots, [that nearest the costa small, round, the next three 

 rapidly increasing to the fourth, which is largest, the fifth and sixth decreasingly smaller, but 

 still very large ] ; a submarginal series of small reversely triangular spots, and a marginal 

 series of smaller narrow spots, the two latter series with two of these spots disposed between 

 the nervules. Underside, as above." {Moore,\. c.) 



The type was described from a specimen taken by Limborg in the Expedition of 1876-77. 

 Since then numerous specimens have been taken by Captain C. T. Bingham in the 

 Thoungyeen forests, upper and lower, in March, April and May, and again in the autumn ; 

 the spots in these specimens are of a chalky-white, with no trace of bluish in they&;v7<://«^ ; 

 and on that wing there is usually a trace, sometimes very distinct, of the inner marginal 

 row of spots completing the three series on both wings. The underside is paler and brighter 

 brown, but the markings are identical. The oval spots on the hindwing vary much in size and 

 shape. 



The figure is drawn from a male specimen in Major Marshall's collection taken by Captain 

 C. T. Bingham in April, 1880, in the Upper Thoungymen forests in Upper Tenasserim, and 

 shows both upper and undersides. 



