io8 NYMPHALID^. SATYRINiE, MYCALESIS. 



89. Mycalosis sanatana, Moore. 



M. sanatana, Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C, vol. i, p. 231, n. 4S9 (1857) ; Gareris 

 sanaiana, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 156. 



Habitat : Kulii, Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Upper Burma, Tenasserim. 



Expanse : 2 to 2 '3 inches. 



Description : " Upperside brown. Fomuing with a large lower and a smaller upper 

 eye-spot, the latter with a minute one above and below it. Underside ochreous-brown ; the 

 series of spots white." {Moore, 1. c.) 



In the Indian Museum, Calcutta, are numerous specimens of a Mycalesis of this group from 

 Kulu, Sikkim, Upper Burma (Yunan Expedition), and Tenasserim, which agree as far as it 

 goes with the meagre description above. Description : Upperside brown, with the outer 

 margin of both -lo'tngs paler and slightly greenish : Foravbtg with one, and hiitdwing with 

 two, darker anteciliary lines. Foreioing with a large black ocellus filling the first median 

 interspace, white-pupilled and with a fulvous iris. A smaller similar ocellus filling the 

 interspace between the subcostal nervure and upper discoidal nervule, in some specimens with 

 two slightly smaller contiguous ocelli in the interspaces immediately above and below it. 

 /i'i'wi/wjV^" unspotted. Underside: Both Z£//«^.f of an obscure greenish-brown colour, crossed 

 beyond their middle by a common dark brown band, not quite reaching the costa in the 

 forewing, and in which wing it is slightly bent inwards near the costa, nor the abdominal margin 

 in the hindwing. This band is outwardly margined with pale violet. A dark anteciliary line 

 to both wings, within which and rather less than midway between the margin and the median 

 band is a very wavy narrow dark line, Forewing w\i\\ two pairs of dark lines crossing the cell, one 

 near its base the other at its middle. A more or less complete submarginal series of white dots, 

 being the pupils of rudimentary ocelli, Hindwing with a similar series of white dots, but the series 

 complete, one between each pair of nervules. A subbasal sinuous dark line. The male differs 

 from the female only in having the sexual characters detailed in the generic diagnosis of Gareris. 



Mr, A. Graham Young took several specimens in the Kulu valley at the end of May and 

 in June, Mr. Otto Moller has taken it in Sikkim at about 3,000 feet elevation in October, and 

 Captain C. T. Bingham took one female in the Donat range in January ; we have no other 

 precise records of its capture. It seems a constant, well-marked species ; all the specimens 

 we have seen shew hardly any variation, except in the colour of the median fascia, which varies 

 from almost white to pale violet. The female from the Donat range has moreover the lower 

 ocellus of the upperside very large, and the general colour is paler, especially on the underside, 

 where it has a decided ochraceous tinge, 



A species of Mycalesis occurs in the Malay peninsula and Borneo, which has been separated 

 by Moore as the type of a distinct genus characterised as follows under the name of Satoa, 

 and placed between (7rt/rm and ^a^/a/'^rt. Genus Satoa. "il/afc.— Wings short ; forewing 

 more arched than in Virapa, apex more rounded ; exterior margin less oblique ; second sub- 

 costal branch emitted before end of the cell ; a tuft of fine hair covering a glandular patch 

 below submedian nervure ; hindwiiig subconical, exterior margin oblique, anal angle convex, 

 abdominal margin short ; a tuft of fine hair covering a glandular subcostal patch ; cell short, 

 broad at its end ; subcostal deeply recurved at its end, first branch emitted near end of the 

 cell the second bent downward ; disco-cellulars straight, slightly oblique ; middle median 

 emitted before end of the cell, Anlennce with a slender club ; palpi somewhat stout ; eyes 

 hairy." {Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 18S0, p. 157). This genus or subgenus contains but 

 a single species, Mycalesis maianeas, Wcviiison.*^ 



• Mycalesis maianeas, Hewitson. Habitat: Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo. Expanse: Male, I'g; female, 2'2 

 inches. JJbsckiptmn : "Male: Upi^ekside dark brown; the outer half nearly of \.\\^ fore%ving, and the 

 outer margin of the hiiuiwing, rufous brown Forewing \ji\.]\ a tuft of hair near the inner margin; the margins 

 of both wings where they meet silvery white. Undbrsidb dark brown to the middle, rufous brown beyond; the 

 outer margin and two subm.irginal lines dark brown, forewing with three ocelli, two near the apex minute and 

 touching, the third below the middle, large. ///'Wto/«^ with sev^ n, the first (touching the costal margin), the 

 fourth and fifth, large, the rest smaller, all black, with white pupil and rufous orange iris. Kkmalb, like the 

 male, except that it has an orange band on both sides of ihcjbtewing, and has but one ocellus near the apex, on 

 the underside of the /oreiviug." (Hewitson, Ex. Butt., vol. iii, p. 87, Mycalesis pi. v, figs. 27, 28, {1864), /emair ; 

 id., IJisiant, Khop Malay., p. 48, pi. vii, fig. 4 (1882}, Jemale; Satoa maianeas, Moore, Trans. EiU. Soc. 

 Loud., ib8o, p. 157). 



