176 NYMPHALID.E. SATVRIN/E. RHAPHICERA. 



upper one developed into a perfect ocellus, with a bluish-white pupil, yellow iris and blackish 

 outer ring. Hindwing bright golden brown with a broad much paler streak from the base 

 covering the entire cell, and extending almost to the outer margin ; a line from middle of costal 

 nervure across the cell, an irregular angulale line from the costa outside the cell to the 

 submedian nervure and two fine marginal lines black, a dusky sinuous submarginal line ; six 

 submarginal ocelli, the third (sometimes absent) and sixth smaller, and the sixth geminate, all 

 black with prominent bluish-white pupil, yellow iris, and blackish outer ring. Female similar in 

 colour and markings. 



Khaphicera saln'ciis is found in Sikkim, and Mr. E. T. Atkinson records it as occurring 

 in the wooded hills beyond Almorah in Kumaon. This is probably the extreme western 

 range of the species ; further to the west it is replaced by the allied R. vioorei. 



170. Ehaphicera mOOrei, Butler. (Plate XV, Fig. 38^.) 



t.asioinmata satricus, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 499, n. 82 ; Rhaphicera nioorei, Butler, Ann. 

 and M.-ig. of Nat. Hist., third series, vol. xix, p. 164, n. 2, pi. iv, fig. 4 (1867), femixle. 



Habitat : North-West Himalayas. 



Expanse : 2'i to 2 '25 inches. 



Description : Male : Upperside as in R. satricus, but all the black lines broader, the 

 nervures being bordered as well as defined with black, giving it more the appearance of a 

 black insect spotted with orange ; the base of both wings, and the inner margin of the hind- 

 wing broadly irrorated with fuscous. Underside also similar but paler and less brilliant ; 

 the base of both wings, and the inner margin of the hindwing broadly irrorated with fuscous 

 as on the upperside ; the third ocellus of the hindwing often obsolete, sometimes entirely 

 wanting, the fourth, fifth, and sixth comparatively larger, and closer together. " Female : 

 Upperside pale yellowish-ferruginous, very similar to R. salricns, female, but smaller. Fore- 

 7c>ii/o with all the nervures fuscous, the base fuscescent, the black bands wider, the discal 

 fascia continued to the inner margin ; a minute median discal black dot. Hindwing more 

 denticulate, the internal area olivaceous-fuscous, with a series of six ocelli with grey pupils ; the 

 outer margin fuscescent. Underside : Foi eiving ^\\\\ the discal fascia more slender, the ocelli 

 smaller, the outer margin slightly fuscescent. Hindwing paler, the ocelli closer together, the 

 median lines more irregular, continuous ; the submarginal lines more undulate." {Butler, I.e.) 



R. tnoorei is generally considered a rare insect, but in 1882 it was found in great profu- 

 sion by Mr. Doherty in the Bhagi and Narkunda forests and again at Theog, all in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Simla, in August ; flying freely during heavy rain, and alighting on the leaves of 

 bushes and trees ; it is conspicuous when settled and appears to have nothing protective in its 

 colouration. Colonel Lang notes, " Observed only late in the autumn, in a forest glade in the 

 Himalayas, near a stream with rich vegetation about its banks." His collection contains five 

 specimens from the neighbourhood of Simla taken at 9,000 feet elevation, and two from lower 

 Kunawar, 7,000 feet elevation ; it is evidently a very local insect. 



The figure represents a male specimen taken by Mr. de Niceville at Narkunda near 

 Simla in August, and shows the upper and undersides. 



The next two genera A/rrtr^v and ..^w^ceTrt represent in India the "hairy-eyed" division 

 of the genus Satyrus as defined by Godart and Boisduval. They are both sections of the 

 genus Lasiomniata of Westwood (Gen. D. L. ), which latter also includes both Neope and 

 Rhaphicera. They are distinguished from the remaining subdivisions of Satyrus defined 

 further on as Hipparchia, Aulocera, and Epincphcle, not only by having the eyes hairy, but by 

 the position of the apex of the discoidal cell of the hindwing as defined in the key to the 

 genera (p. 96), and by having a complete series of ocelli on the hindwing on the underside. In 

 a few species of Hipparchia and Epinephele there are two or three perfect ocelli on the under- 

 side of the hindwing, but in none is there a perfect series, and in the greater number of species 

 and in all the Auloceias the ocelli are entirely absent. Westwood's definition of Lasiomniata 

 is republished for reference. 



