i86 NYMniALID.F.. SATVRIN.E. IIIPPARCHIA. 



Kawas is barely separable from it, though tlie female from the Slianditr plateau is very 

 distinct, being much paler, while the undersides of both sexes in parthica are almost exactly 

 alike. 



IUppaichia aici/iusa, Wiener Verzeichniss, is also found both in tlie Caucasus and the 

 Kuldja hills ; it differs from H. pimpla chiefly in having a submarginal series of elongate 

 spots irrorated with fulvous on both wings on the ujiperside, which are very prominent in some 

 specimens, obsolete in others; also the nervures of the hindwing on the underside are not white. 



mpparchia achra, var. parthica, has the upperside almost exactly like that of//, pimpla ; 

 and the underside differs very slightly ; on the forewing the dark submarginal line is lost in the 

 dark band which widens out greatly at the inner angle ; the dark median line is present in both 

 sexes, and in both sexes the costa is broadly brown with fuscous mottlings extending into the 

 cell, and in addition there are several distinct irregular dark bars across the cell ; on the 

 liindwing the basal area is darker, the subbasal line is obsolete, the median and submarginal 

 lines are broad, inwardly diffused and outwardly defined by whitish fasciae ; all the nervules 

 are whitish. 



Another variety of //. aclica, Esper, recorded as Ilipparchia bryce, var. aniasiiia, 

 Slaudinger, by Lederer (Ilor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vol. viii, p. U (1871), and as //. cordula, var. 

 amasiiia, Staudinger, by Kirby in the Syn. Cat. D. L., is found at Astrabad in I'ersia. 



178. Eipparcliia diffusa, Butler, 



//. diffusa, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 147, n. 2. 

 llAiiiTAT : Ravee Basin, North- West Himalayas. 

 Expanse : 21 inches. 



Description : " Female. Closely allied to H. semc/e',* {lom which it principally differs 

 in the obscured and diffused character of the ochraceous patches enclosing the ocelli on the 

 UPPEKSIDE of i\\Q foraviiig. On the underside the white belt is well marked, more so than 

 in any specimens of H. sciiwle which I have seen." {Butler, 1. c.) 



We have never seen this species, but as there is no other Hippairhia recorded from the 

 Himalayas which at all approaches to //. scmch; there should be no difficulty in recognising 

 it. The true Hipparchia sonde, Linneeus, is found in the Caucasus, and probably still further 

 to the East. 



mpparchia aittonoc, Esper, from South Russia and the Kuldja hills,'is allied to //. semele, and 

 according to Godart's description (Enc. Meth., vol. ix, p. 518, n. 114 (1819) is " brown, with 

 a yellowish transverse band, the band of the forewing more prominent and bearing two black 

 ocelli with white pupils ; the band of the hindwing has one smaller ocellus near the anal angle, 

 and sometimes accompanied by two white dots ; the underside of the forewing resembles 

 the upperside, except that the disc is reddish ; the hindwing is ashy mottled with brown ; the, 

 nervures whitish, and with three transverse whitish bands, the small ocellus of the uppersiilc, 

 the margin dentate, and the cilia white." It is figured in Boisduval's Icones, vol. i, pi. xli, 

 %s. 5, 6 (\?>T,2\, female. 



• Hip/iarchia semele, Linnseus, Faun. Suec, p. 276, n. 1051 (1761). Habitat : Europe. Expanse : T3 

 to 2"5 inches. Dhsckii'TIon : Ff.mai.k : tiri'iiKsiuK l)rown ; darker on the outer li.ilf, with a submarginal tj.and 

 of the same colour, but defined with darker brown. I'orciviiig with a black spot with white pupil between the 

 discoidal nervules placed on a fulvou^ streak across the band, and another sinalar one placed between the first 

 and second median nervules, the latter having in addition a narrow fulvous streak above and a broader one 

 below ; the miter edge of the band being nearly parallel to the margin, the inner edge nuich angled. Hind- 

 7i'/>/^ with three inwardly sagittate ferruginous marks on the outer edge of the band, and a fourth on the lower 

 median interspace rounded, and be.iring a small black spot with white pupil. \Jfir>^K^\\>v. •.forciviiis; with the 

 band complete, fulvous, a diffused fulvr.us patch in the disc, the two black spots with white pupils as on 

 upperside ; and the costal margin bro.adly mottled with wliiti-h .ind dark brown. Hin(iwin« mottled throughout 

 with whitish and dark brown on a pale brown ground, with three very irre<:ulMr blackish streaks, one subbasal, 

 one discal, and one submarginal ; a minute subanal black spot with white iiupil. 'J"he mai.k has the i'itrusipij 

 more luiiform, the fidvous streaks being obsolescent. U.NrjKRSiOE simil.ir, but with the discal streak on the 

 A;'«#/7('/>/C broadly margined outwardly with whitish. The disc.d scxu.il mark on the forewing broad, extending 

 into the diicoidal cell. (Ucscribcd from examples from Germany). 



