190 NYMPIIALID.E. SATYRIN.E. IIirPARCIIIA. 



much darker and more slender, the basal streak less flexuous forming a right an^lc, the discal 

 streak not at all sloping hindwards, the submarginal streak more receding from the margin, 

 acutely drawn back, outwardly defined with hoary white ; no ocellular dot. Female : upper- 

 si ue with the fulvous fascia diffused inwardly in ihc/o)c:c'i>i^, and in the hindwiii^ extending to 

 the first subcostal nervule." {Fehkr, 1. c.) 



The above description being in comparison with species not occurring in India, is difficult 

 to follow. The following description is taken from the plate : — 



Female. Upperside brown, the fulvous fascia sharply defined both inwardly and out* 

 wardly on both wings by dark lunulate lines, and with ochreous patches on it at the costal 

 and inner margins of the forewing, and at the costal margin of the hindwing. T\\q foyriuing 

 with a black subapical spot, and another on the lower median interspace both on the fulvous 

 band; the hindwing with no spots. Underside. Forewing with the outer margin pale 

 brown, and the costal margin narrowly so ; the rest of the wing fulvous, the outer dark lunu- 

 late line defining the fulvous, and the two black spots as on upperside, two short brown 

 streaks across the cell and two beyond it. Hin.lxving with the basal half pale brown, the 

 outer half greyish; the extreme margin dark brown ; a dark brown highly dentate submar- 

 ginal line inwardly suffused with brown ; another almost equally dentate defining the pale 

 brown basal half, a subbasal dark, somewhat dentate line ; and an incomplete basal line with 

 a spot beyond it in the cell, dark brown ; the nervules white. Two specimens both females, 

 taken by Major J. Biddulph at Gilgit in August, and now in Major Marshall's collection, are 

 the only specimens we have seen ; they differ from the plate, but correspond with the descrip- 

 tion, in tiiat the fulvous fascia is inwardly diffused, much more so in one specimen than in the 

 other, and showing a close approach to the following species //. cadesia. 



Hipparcliia geycri is found in the Caucasus and in the mountains of Ararat. It is allied to 

 H. hnebncri, but has the band on the upperside brown not fulvous and almost obsolete ; on the 

 underside the forewing is paler and duller ochreous, and all the dark markings are very promi- 

 nent ; the hindwing also differs in having the two dark median well defined lines. Hipparchia 

 agave, Esper, is also very similar to //. kuebneri ; the band on the upperside is fulvous margined 

 with dark brown, the underside being almost exactly as in //. geyeri, but with less white on 

 the hindwing. 



Hipparchia rcgeli, Alpheraky, has lately been described from Kuldja (Hon Soc. Ent. 

 Ross., vol. xvi, p. 419, n. 91, pi. xv, fig. 23 (iS8i). Expanse: r; inches. Upperside: 

 " /b/v<w«o pale olivaceous-fuscous (or brownish), the fascia smoky-white or yellowish-white, 

 bearing two black ocelli with white pupils (very rarely blind). Hindwing with the fascia 

 narrower, outwardly dentate, inwardly inversely dentate and everywhere clearly defined. 

 Underside of the hindiuing with the nervures white, the disc greyish (fuscous covered with 

 obscure markings), irregularly terminated, defined with whitish, and an interrupted series 

 of acutely dentate fuscous marks before the margin. Cilia everywhere white alternated with 

 grey." It is very closely allied to //. hnebneri, but has the fulvous band narrower and 

 everywhere better defined. 



184. Hipparchia cadesia, Moore. 



//. cadesia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1874, p. 565, pi. Ixvi, fi;?. 7, male. 



IIaritat : Kashmir; Boorzil Valley towards Stakpila Pass, 11,000 feet ; Leh, Ladak. 



Expanse : I'sS to 2'2 inches. 



Description: "Male. Upperside bright ferruginous ; exterior marginal line blackish. 

 Cilia yellowish alternated with brown. Forewing with the base, costal, and exterior border 

 pale brown ; a subapical pale-bordered black spot with a white central dot ; subcostal nervure 

 and its branches blackish, terminating in a transverse sinuous submarginal line. Hindwing with 

 the base, abdominal and outer border brown, the nervures being ferruginous ; a submarginal 

 series of blackish lunules. Underside : forrwing paler ferruginous, the costal and outer 

 borders being fawn-colour ; a few transverse brown strigoe within the cell ; nervures below the 

 apex terminating in a pale streak, Hiiuhving ferruginous white, numerously covered with short 



