NYMPHALID/E. SATYRIN/E. IIIPPARCIIIA. 191 



blackish striga?, which are thickest at tlie base ; nervures prominently whitish ; a broad curved 

 transverse median brown band with irregular black borders, and a br<md submarginal brown 

 band with black outer dentate lunules ; outer margin and base of wing suffused with brown . 

 Body and le^s brown. Attteniite yellow, tip ferruginous. Allied to //. hiiebneri, Felder." 

 {Moore, 1. c). 



We have seen only a single specimen of // cadcsia, a female taken at Leh in Ladak by tlie 

 Late Dr. Ferdinand Sto'iczka, Ph. D., on the 8th September, 1873, and now in the Indian 

 Museum, Calcutta. In Moore's figure of the species the underside of the hindwing has the 

 transverse fascite very slightly dentate, but in the specimen here these lines are as highly den- 

 tate as in H. kuebneri. No sexual mark is shewn in the figure or mentioned in the description. 



The FEMALE differs from the male in having a small black spot on the first median inter- 

 space on both sides of the forevving ; it is very closely allied indeed to the female of // huebneri, 

 the only noteworthy features being the complete suffusion of the basal area of the forewing 

 with fulvous, and the very small size of the black spots in H. cadesia. Both these characters are 

 variable in H. huebneri; and while so far as the types are concerned, there is no difficulty in 

 separating them ; it is probable that when more is known about these rare species, it will be 

 found that the line of separation between them cannot be maintained. 



The remaining species are much blacker in tone, with the markings on the upperside 

 typically creamy-white, but varieties of several of the species are found in which the markings 

 are more or less deeply tinged with fulvous. 



185. Hipparchia shandura, Marshall. 



H. shajtdttra, Marshall, Journ. A. S. B , vol. li, pt. ii, p. 38, pi. iv, fig. 3 (1882), female. 



Habitat : Northern Kashmir. 



Expanse : ?, 2.4 inches. 



Description : Upperside, both wings dull black, with creamy-white markings. Fore- 

 vving with the costal margin streaked and mottled with grey and black ; a large blotch of 

 creamy-white in the discoidal cell, filling it completely from the base to near the extremity 

 where it ends abruptly, and a discal series of longitudinal creamy-white streaks, consisting of 

 a short streak above the subcostal nervure, a very long one below it bearing a round black 

 spot in the middle, a very short narrow streak between the discoidal nervules, a larger streak 

 below the third median nervule, a larger one still below the second median nervule divided 

 transversely by a large blackish spot, a shorter streak filling the whole width between the 

 first median nervule and submedian nervure, and bearing a blackish spot near its outer upper 

 end, and a short streak below the submedian nervure. Cilia long, white, broadly interrupted 

 with black at the ends of the nervules. Hindzviiig with a broad discal transverse band of 

 creamy-white longitudinal streaks completely coalesced, widest at the middle, where it extends 

 half way into the discoidal cell, and narrowest at the margins, especially at the costal margin. 

 Cilia long, white, scarcely perceptibly interrupted with black. Underside. Foreiuing vi\\.\v 

 the costal margin and apex whitish, finely mottled with brown : the cell white, mottled with 

 brown at its upper edge, and with a blackish bar near the extremity ; the discal series of 

 streaks as above, but all larger, completely coalescing, and sharply defined with dark brown 

 internally and externally, except at the apex, where they merge into the mottled ground, the 

 two black spots of the upperside reappearing as black ocelli with white pupils. Hindwing 

 white mottled with brown, the mottlings deepening into three irregular dark brown mottled 

 transverse bands darkest at their outer edges, one submarginal, one near the base of the cell, 

 and one between these two. 



Allied to H. briseis, Linnreus, from Northern and Western Asia, but smaller and notably 

 differing in having a large creamy-white patch in the discoidal cell of the forewing completely 

 filling the cell except at its extremity ; and in this feature approximating to the species of 

 Melanargia (galathea, lachesis, psyche, clotho, &c.,) in tulouring. 



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