192 NYMPHALID.€. SATYRIN^. HIl'PARCHIA. 



A single specimen, whicli is now in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, was taken by Major 

 J. Biddulph on tlie Shandur plateau in Northern Kashmir. 



Hipparchia briseis, Linnaeus, is found in the Caucasus and near Kuldja, and also in 

 Turkestan. It is a smaller insect ; the upperside is almost as in H shanduia, but without the 

 creamy-white patch in the cell of the forewiiig ; on the underside the forewing is very similar in 

 markings, but the dark bar across the cell is much wider ; the hindwiiig has the nervures 

 concolorous with the {ground, not white as in H. shanduia, and is of a yellowish-brown 

 tinge, clouded with darker biown, mottled with deep brown throughout in the female, and 

 with a dark submarginal line and two dark patches near the base in the male. There is a 

 large variety of this species found in Persia wliicli is probably the variety referred to by 

 Alphdraky in his paper on the I.epidoptera of Kuldja and the surrounding mountains (Hor. 

 Soc. Ent. Ross., vol. xvi, p. 418 (18S1). At first sight it appears very distinct on the underside, 

 which is pale ochreous-brown, almost devoid of mottlings, and the hindwing without any 

 markings whatever in the female, except traces of a broad nebulous paler median band, but 

 the whole of the markings, so far as they appear at all, are exactly as in typical H. briseis, and 

 the pale underside is precisely the variation which would be expected from the arid nature of 

 the country in which this variety is found. 



nipparchia heidenreichii, Lederer (Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. , vol. iii, p. 359, pi. i, fig. 2 

 {1853), also occurs in Turkestan and in the Altai mountains. It is placed by Kirby and Erschoflf 

 between H. briseis and //. anlke, but neither figure nor description is available in this 

 country. 



186. Hipparchia anthe, Ochsenhelmer. 

 /'<7//7/V7 nwM^, Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., vol. i, p. 160, n. 2 (1807); PapiHo fersephone, Hubner, 

 Eur. Schmett , vol. i, figs 589, 590(1800-1807); figs. 710. 711 (1825?); Satyrus antlie, Boisduval, Icones, 

 p. 200, p]. xl, figs. 3, 4 (iZyi), female ; Hipparchia fersefhone. Cutler, Cat. Lep B. '^l ,Satyrida, p. 55, n. 16 

 (1868) ; id., Kirby, Syn. Cat. D. L., p. 85, n. 29 (1871). 



Habitat : South Russia, Persia, Afghanistan. 

 Expanse: ?, 2-8 inches. 



Description : Uppekside blackish brown, slightly greyish towards the base, with a 

 greenish reflection in certain lights ; with beyond the middle a whitish band almost as in 

 H. briseis. Forewing with the band interrupted, formed of elongated unequal quadrangular 

 spots, the one nearest the apex the longest, cut in two by a black spot without a pupil, and 

 recurved towards the costa at its inner extremity, where it is divided by the black nervules ; 

 the second irregular, narrow, just above the second median nervule ; the third placed in the 

 lower median interspace, and also cut in two by a large rather oval black spot ; the fourth 

 and fifth short ; all the last four spots only separated by the dark nervules. Hindwing wVh. 

 the fa.scia broad and continuous from near the costa to the lowest median nervule, the edges 

 irregular, the inner i-harplj defined, the outer diffused ; a small black spot just beyond the 

 band in the lower median interspace. Underside: /^^'Yzwwg yellowish, greyish along the 

 costa and outer margin, and striated with dark brown ; a dark stripe on the disco-cellular 

 nervules, a dark band across the cell beyond the middle, and two indistinct lines nearer 

 the base, and several scattered dark striae ; the whitish macular band as on the upperside, 

 but more dingy and inwardly shari)ly defined with dark brown ; the black spots as on 

 upperside but larger and oval ; the interno-median interspace dark brown throughout except 

 where cut by the whitish band ; a sinuous dark brown submarginal line ; the cilia grey, spotted 

 with black at the tips of the nervules. Hindwing paler brown, striated with dark brown ; 

 all the nervures white ; a highly irregular discal line of dark brown lunules and sagittate 

 marks, beyond which is a greyish fascia gradually shading into brown, which deepens out- 

 wardly till it is again defined by a dark irregular line, beyond which is a submarginal grey 

 fascia shading into brown towards the margin ; the margin itself dark brown, inwardly edged 

 wiih grey ; a short whitish bar and two dark patches in the cell. Cilia as on forewing. 



