NYMPHALID.T;. SATYRIN^. IIirPARCIIIA. 193 



//. anthe, as figured by Boisduval, differs from H. shamitna on the upperside in having 

 no whitish patch in the cell, the black spots on the fascia much larger, especially the upper 

 one, and with no trace of white pupils, the black spot below the lower median nervule, and 

 the whitish streak between the discoidal nervulei wanting : on the hindiving by the whitish 

 fascia being sharply defined inwardly, and not extending into the cell. On the UNDERSIDE 

 by the yi>;rtw;;^ being tinged with yellow, with no whitish patch in tlie cell, the black spots 

 larger and blind ; and on the hinihvino by having the discal dark brown line continuous, 

 whereas in H. shaiuhira it is interrupted by tlie greyish white band extending back into the 

 cell. 



From H.'briseis it differs in the style of the whitish macular band on the tjpperside, for in 

 //. briseis the upper whitish stieak of the foretving does not curve up to the costa inwardly, 

 the streak between the discoidal nervules is prominent, and the black' spots are small, equal, 

 rounded, and distinctly pupilled ; while on the hindwing the band is wider, extending into 

 the cell, and diffused inwardly as well as outwardly. On the underside //. ^;7>t?/> has the 

 foreivi?to less decidedly tinged with yellow, and the black spots are small, round, and distinctly 

 pupilled ; the hindiving is darker and the markings clouded and indistinct, with in the male 

 large dark brown patches. 



In some notes*on a small collection of Lepidoptera from the neighbourhood of Kandahar 

 taken by Colonel Swinhoe, Mr. Butler identifies a specimen as " ////>/(//r///<j a«//?^ ? , var. ? 

 Boeb. Taken on the 14th May at Chaman. It differs somewhat from European examples 

 on the underside ; but it would not be safe to regard it as distinct until more examples have 

 been seen." No description of this specimen is given, and we have no other record of its 

 capture on the confines of India. 



According to Boisduval (Icones, vol. i, p. 201 (1832), Hipparchia anthe, Ochsenheimer, 

 " was discovered by Boeber, and some entomologists still call it H. aiitke, Bceber ((uilke 

 ba-beri)." None of the standard catalogues or works on Lepidoptera, so far as we can trace, 

 admit ^' atit/ie, Boeber," and we are not aware on what grounds Mr. Butler has so recently 

 resuscitated the term. It is indeed doubtful whether the name an/he should stand at all. 

 H. anthe, Ochsenheimer, is identical with H. persephone, Hiibner, and Mr. Butler records it as 

 H. persephone, and remarks " Ochsenheimer lias substituted the name anthe for persephone on 

 the ground of this name having been previously used by Fabricius ; such a name, however does 

 not seem to exist amongst the Satyrimv" (Cat. Lep. B. M. Satyridie, p. 55 (j868) ; but as 

 M. Erschoff, in his Lepidoptera of Turkestan, dated 1874, rejects the name persephone and 

 retains anthe, we have adopted his conclusion. 



Hipparchia hanifa (Satyrus hanifa, Herrich Schaffer, Schmett. Eur., vol. i, figs. 477, 

 478 (1850?) is a variety of H. anthe, and identical apparently with H. anthe, var. caucasica 



hanifa (sic), Nordmann (Bull. Mosc, vol. xxiv, pt. i, p. 405, n. 3, pi. ix fips. \ •? 



(1851) ; it was described in Nordmann's Fauna Taurico-Caucasica, and is included in Ers- 

 choff's Lepidoptera of Turkestan. It differs from H. anthe, female, on the UPPERsfde only in 

 having the black spots rounded, and rather smaller, and the white fascia tinged wiiJi fulvous in 

 the male, deep fulvous throughout in the female. On the underside also \}i\Q fore-coin'^ has the 

 black spots smaller, the whole disc yellow, and the macular fascia merged in the yellow 

 ground, and not at all defined ; the hindivin« has the ground-colour finely mottled with dark 

 brown instead of being striated, the whitish fasciae are more prominent, and the nervures are 

 not prominently irrorated with white. This variety also occurs in Persia, and according to , 

 Butler it is "very like H. pelopeuQW the upperside, but without the white intermacular spots". 

 (Cat. Lep. B. M., SatyridcB, p. 55 (1868). 



Another variety, H. anthe, var. enervata, Alpheraky, and an aberration named aualoga, 

 Alpheraky, have been recently described (Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vol. xvi, p 418, n. 89 (1881) 

 with the following remarks :—"//. rt«//i^, var. ^«t'/x'(?/(?. A little smaller; underside with 



* Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., lifth series, vol. ix, p. 2c6 (1882). 



