NYMPIIALID/E. SATYRIN/E. AULOCERA. 19S 



the Indian Museum, Calcutta, only differs from the figure of that sex of M. herta, Dalman, 

 in Boisduval's Icones. vol. i, pi. xxviii, tig. 3 (1832) in the area of the cell on the upper- 

 side of the forewing beyond the transverse bar being clouded with fuscous ; the basal area 

 below the cell also more thickly irrorated with fuscous than in the specimen figured by 

 Boisduval. On the hiiulwing the cell is whitish for the basal two-thirds. A detailed des- 

 cription of this specimen is appended for reference.* Numerous other species of AJdanargia 

 are recorded from the Caucasus and the adjoining regions. 



Gonus 18.— ATTLOOERA, Butler. (Plate XVI). 



Aulocera, Puller, Ent. .Month M;ig , vol iv, p 121 (1867). 



"Very closely allied to Hipparchia ; wings large, black, with a white band ; the aV/rt 

 broad, white, variegated with black. Body woolly. Eyes naked. Palpi as in Hipparchia. 

 Anleinne with a gradually formed club, with a slightly hollowed median longitudinal streak on 

 the underside. Nku ration of the wings as in Hiptarchia, but the nervures of the forewing 

 less tumid at the base ; and in the hindiviiig the discoidal cell is more entire, and the costa 

 more convex. It chiefly differs from Hipparchia in the form of the antennae, the character of 

 the markings, and the longer cilia to the wings ; the arrangement of the nervures is very similar 

 in both genera." (Builer, 1. c.) 



This genus is exclusively Indian, and, with one doubtful exception, is confined to the 

 temperate and higher elevations in the Himalayas. The doubtful exception is the variety 

 scylla of A. biahinintiSy which is described from "near Sylhet," but this locality cannot 

 be accepted without further evidence. Aulocaa is very closely allied to Hipparchia, but the 

 very slight dilation of the base of the nervures of the forewing, and the style of colouration, 

 ihark it as a group sufficiently distinct for generic separation. 



The sexual streak on the forewing of the male insect is variable, and owing to the dark 

 colour, and density of the clothing of the wing, is often very difficult to trace. In one species 

 {A. padma) the scales of the sexual mark have a slight sheen, which shows the position clearly 

 in certain lights ; in other species it is only to be traced by the greater opaqueness of the 

 wing, and it differs in intensity in different specimens ; its position is between the median ner- 

 vure and the white transverse fascia, and it extends from the middle of the interspace below 

 the submedian nervure to the interspace below the upper discoidal nervule. 



Key to the species of Aulocera. 



A. Upperside nearly black, with a prominent whitish transverse fascia across both wings, 



a. Forewing triangular, the outer margin straight ; the whitish fascia broad on both wings. 



rt'. Of large size ; the whitish fascia reaching the inner margin of the hindwing. 

 Underside with the basal area black with greyish undulations. 



187. A, HADMA, Himalayas. 



i'. Of smaller size ; the whitish fascia not reaching the inner margin of the hindwing" 

 Underside with the basal area greenish bronze, irrorated with grey on the ab- 

 dominal margin of the hindwing. 



188. A. SWAHA, Himalayas. 



b. Forewing more rounded, the outer margin convex. 



a'. With the median fascia very narrow. Of small size. Underside with the basal 

 area fuscous, irrorated with ochreous. 



189. A. BRAHMIMUS. Himal.Tyas. 

 A.iveranga, N.-\V. Himalayas. 

 A. scylla, (?) Sylhet. 



' i'. The median fascia very broad. Underside ochreous, with narrow dark undulations. 



190. A. SARASWATi, Himalayas. 



* Frmalk: Upi'HRSide fuscous ; a large whitish patch in the cell of each wing, a broad whitish band 

 from the second median nervule of forewing continued across the hindwing, covering the whole abdominal 

 margin, and uniting with the putch in the cell. Foreming^ vi'iih an irregul.Tr disoal macular band, an interrupted 

 subapical band beyond it, and a mart;i"ai series of large spots all whitish Hintlii'iiig with a simi ar series of large 

 whitish spots almost coalescent along the margin UNDhKSiuB tinged with ochreous ; the fuscous obsolescent, 

 except on the disc of the fo'cwing. HiniHvitig with broad irregular very pale and indistinct submarginal 

 band and another submedian ; no trace of ucelli Expanse, 2 55 inches. 



