NYMPIIALID.K SATYRIN.^:. AUI.OCKRA. 199 



Var. 7ueraiii:a, Lang. "Male aiul fkmai.e. Upperside blackish fuscous with a 

 whitish discal fascia; the whitisli fascia macular in i\\c foie-cviiig; bifurcate at tlie apex, 

 and including an oval black spot; arched on tlie ///«./.c'//f<', slender, obsolescent near the 

 anal angle. Ctlia white, variegated with black at the end of the nervules. Undicksidk 

 scarcely paler, covered with fuscous striae, ///«</7£'///^>- greenish at the base, outwardly slightly 

 ochraceous ; forriuiitg with a subapical sjiot bearing a minute white dot ; hiiidwhig with the 

 discal fascia reaching the anal margin, and an exterior series of three subobsolete whitish 

 dots. Body black; antentuv with the tip obsoletely ochraceous on the underside. 

 Habitat: Upper Kunavvur (Werang Pass), Kashmir (Goolnuirg). Expanse : 26 inches." 

 (Lang, Ent. Month. Mag., vol. iv , p. 247 {186S). 



A. loeianga is a rather smaller insect, and differs from typical A. brahiiiiniis in the far 

 greater prominence of the ochreous strite on the underside, so much so that in some speci- 

 mens it appears as if the ground-colour were ochreous more or less densely striated with 

 brown. Extreme examples are widely distinct from typical A. brahminus, but the gradations 

 met w'ith between the two forms renders it impossible to separate them satisfactorily. The 

 extent of the grey striae too varies greatly ; in some specimens the greyish irrorations of the 

 inner margin extend over the whole base of the hindwing. The whitisli spots and the 

 submarginal dark brown spots beyond are obsolete in some specimens, and very prominent 

 in others. 



Var. i-ryZ/iJ, Butler. "Male: Upperside blackish-fuscous, with a whitish discal fascia, 

 macular on the foreiving, slender and obsolete near the anal angle on the hi infixing, bifurcate 

 at the apex of the forewing, and including an oval black spot. Cilia whitish, variegated with 

 black at the end of the nervules ; body black; anteinicE with a yellow club. Underside 

 paler, covered with blackish stride; the subapical spot of the /2;/-f7f'/«o-ocellated ; /////(/W//_j7 

 very slightly yellowish, an outer discal series of whitish spots tinged outwardly with black, the 

 discal fascia distinct at the anal angle. Most nearly allied to A. brahminus, but differs in its 

 mucli smaller size, less sinuated margins, more slender central band, and on the underside in 

 having a row of white spots placed in an arc outside the central band. I have seen three 

 specimens of this species, which all appear to agree in size, pattern and colouration. Habitat : 

 near Sylhet. Expanse : 2-25 inches." { Biillcr, Ent. Month. Mag , vol. iv, p. 122, n. 5 (1S67). 



Colonel Lang in describing ^. iveranga \;\\\.^'i, that "it differs fiom [the description of] 

 A. scylla by its paler colour, larger size, more sinuated margins, and the want of the exterior 

 series of white, black-encircled spots ; the whitish dots of A. 'iveranga being only two or three 

 in number, very small, and indistinct." Mr. Butler adds, " the two species are nearly allied, 

 but I think quite distinct ;" another point of difference being that "the veins on the under- 

 side of the hindwing in A. scylla are powdered with whitish scales." We are quite unable to 

 separate A. scylla horn A brahminus ; it is described from "near Sylhet," and if that locality 

 could be accepted definitely, there might be some grounds for its separation ; but the 

 authority for the habitat rests apparently on a very slender basis, and some specimens of 

 .<4. w«a«^rt from the N.-W. Himalayas present every feature that is given as distinctive of 

 A. scylla ; it is doubtful whether it can even be retained as a distinct variety. 



A. brahminus is found so far as we have any certain knowledge only in the N.-W. 

 Himalayas at from 7,000 feet to 13,030 feet elevation ; Mr. Graliam Voung took numerous 

 specimens in 1880 in June on the Ser-ka-joth in North Mundi, two miles south of the 

 Kulu frontier, and forty miles south of the snowy range at barely 8,000 feet elevation ; 

 these were all typical A. brahminus; Mr. de Niceville found it very plentifully on the 

 banks of the Chandra Bhaga river, in July, near Koksir on the borders of Lahoul at 7,000 feet 

 elevation, and again at Kailang in Lahoul at .about 9,000 feet in the .same month ; all 

 his specimens being of the A. wcjauga form with the ochreous predominating on the 

 underside, and one, a female from Kailang, h.as the nervures powdered with white scales 

 and the whiti.sh black -encircled .spots of ^1 jgM'; the types of A. uaa7iga were taken by 



27 



