NYMPHALID.E. SATYRIN/E. EPINEPHELE. 203 



with fuscous. Hindwiii^^ with a subangulate discal streak, and another submarginal almost 

 obsolete ; the ocelli of the underside inoie or less visiljle by transparency. Umderstdk paler, 

 with a line before the cilia blackish-fuscous, and another on the cilia white. Fornmng with the 

 fulvous area paler, a little more extended, more distinctly divided and bordered, the ocellus 

 larger, blacker, with a single white pupil and broad ochraceous iris, circled with fuscous ; 

 the costal and outer margins variegated with fuscous, and here and there irrorated with white. 

 Hindwing ^vith fuscous stric-e and hoary irrorations, the lines of the upperside much better 

 defined and outwardly bordered with whitish powdery bands ; a subapical ocellus often minute 

 or wanting, and two neir anal angle, black, blind, with white iris an 1 circled with fuscous, 

 often with whitish irrorations beyond the subapical ocellus." 



"This sjiecies, reminding one, by the dentate outline of the /////(/w/z/if and in the markings 

 of the underside, of R. parisutis, is a local form of the Thibetan E. liavendra, Moore. A 

 specimen collected to the east of Pangi in Kunavvar is considerably larger than those from 

 Spili." (/'VAi'cv, 1. c.) 



E. ;t7A-(7//£? wasfora long time considered identical with R. daveiulra, Moore ; Init Mr. Butler 

 has recently recognised its distinctness with tlie following remark : — "■ E. toxane, although 

 nearly allied to E. davciidra, differs in its paler colouration, and the more deeply sinuated 

 margin of the hindwing." {Butler, 1. c.) 



No specimen that we have seen from any of the localities quoted in the Western Hima- 

 layas can be separated from /?. davendra, but the form found in the mountains of Beluchistan 

 which has been identified by Mr. Butler as E. roxane, is apparently a distinct geo<Traphical 

 variety. It differs from E. davendra as stated above, and further by its larger size, and on the 

 UPPERSIDE by the far greater prominence in the female of the discal band, and on the UNDER. 

 SIDE by the larger ocelli and the greater prominence of the fuscous striae and hoary irrorations. 

 The MALE of this race differs from the male of E. davendra as in the female on the UNDERSIDE, 

 and in its larger size, but the markings of the upiierside appear to be identical The ocellation 

 varies in this species as in E. davendra. Dr. Felder figures a female with four ocelli on the 

 underside of the hindwing ; the males have generally three prominent ocelli, but in the females 

 the subapical ocellus is minute or wanting, the two subanal ocelli being large and prominent. 

 The lower ocellus on the forewing of the females is sometimes prominent, sometimes altogether 

 wanting. 



In South Afghanistan Captain Roberts found E. roxane " commonly at the end of May 

 and in June," and Colonel Lang, R. E.. and Colonel Swinhoe have also found it commonly in 

 suitable places in the neighbourhood of Quetta in September and October. 



Two other species, E. comara and E. mandane, which are found in Persia, have the same 

 general style of markings as E. davendra, to which they are evidently allied. E. comara * to 

 judge from the figure, is closely allied to the form ol E. roxane iowwA m Beluchistan. The 

 male chiefly differs on the upperside in having the dark margin of the forewing narrower, 

 and the sexual streak less distinct ; on the underside the forewing is more uniform fulvous • 

 the basal half not perceptibly darker ; there is no whitish streak from the costa, and the 

 fulvous colour extends much further up within the ocellus. The female has on the upper- 

 side only a broad fulvous fascia, and a fulvous spot just beyond the cell ; the basal area not at 

 all irrorated with fulvous ; on the underside the difference is as in the male, but much less 

 pronounced. 



* Efiine/'hele coma'a, T.ederer, Hrvr. Soc. Ent Ross., vol. viii, p. 12, pi. i, figs. 9 male, 10 femnle (1871). 

 H*bitat: Astrabari. Persia. Expanse: vtale, iq:/finii/e,2i inihes. DESCRii'xrON : '''Hindwing dentate. 

 Ui'PERSmK fuscous, the cilin whitish. For-eurin^oi the malk rufesrent-luteous, margined with fuscmis, and with 

 a short transverse fiiscws stripe, and a rounded black spot near the apex. Female cinereous-fuscous, with an 

 exterior yellowish fascia bearini; a rounded black spot. Unoeksidk of botk sexes ochraceous, the black apical 

 spot pupilled. //i"«i^7('/W;f fu^cuus-cinereous, a median blackish striga, externally margined with white, and two 

 black ocelli with white irides near the anal angle. The male resembles on the upperside that of E. nn'ica, but 

 the wings are less pointed and broader ; the femals corresponds more with that of E. lycaou." {Lederer, 1. c.) 



