204 NYMPHALID.E. SATYRIN^. EPINEPHELE. 



E. tnandane* is a very beautiful species, and distinguished especially by the curious elon- 

 gate shape of the black spot on the forewing, and the very highly dentate outline of the 

 hindwing, the margin of which exhibits at least three distinct tails. From the rest of the 

 E. diizeiidra group it is also distinguished by the curved (not angulate) character of the white 

 band on the underside of the hindwing. The female has often one, and sometimes two, round 

 black spots below the spot on the forewing, and the whole of these spots are situated on a 

 more or less prominent fulvous submarginal band defined inwardly, and diffused outwardly ; the 

 series of females from Persia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, show considerable variation. 



193. Epmopholo narica, iiubner. 



Papillo narica, Hubner, Eur. Schmett , vol. i, figs 704—707 (1S25?) ; Satyrus narica, Boisduval, Icones, 

 p. 312, pi. xlii, figs 3, male ; 4, sTlv//^/^ fi832.) 



Habitat : South Russia, Western Asia, Afghanistan. 



Expanse : i -8 to to inches. 



Description : Male : Upperside brown ; the cilia whitish. Forewing with the entire 

 disc fulvous, the margin and the sexual streak alone being brown ; colour and markings almost 

 exactly as in E.davendra, but the outer margin is straighter in {he forewinsr, and less dentate in 

 the /ti)td'vi>/,^. Female: Upperside very similar in aspect to E. ;/<?03ir, female, but with the 

 ci/ia of both wings white, and the hiiidiviug quadrate in outline owing to a prolongation of the 

 discoidal nervule. Forewiug fulvous, with cinereous-brown margins, the outer margin dusky, 

 a black subapical spot, (and often a second submarginal spot in the lowest median interspace), 

 /////(/rc///^ cinereous-brown, dusky towards the outer margin. Underside also somewhat 

 similar in pattern to that of E. neoza, but paler in colouration. Fomviug pale fulvous ; a 

 median indistinct angulate line across the wing, a black subnpical ocellus with small white 

 pupil and pale ochreous iris; the ground-colour between the ocellus and median line also pale 

 ochreous merging in the iris ; the costa narrowly hoary, mottled with fuscous ; the outer margin 

 more broadly cinereous-brown, darkest at inner angle, and a distinct submarginal slightly 

 lunulate dark line. Hindioing whitish, a subbasa! and a highly irregular median fuscous line, 

 between which the ground-colour is brown, forming a broad irregular sharply defined brown 

 fascia ; a brown suffused patch near the costa ; then another brown submarginal band 

 inwardly diffused, outwardly sharply defined by a narrow dark lunular line ; the margin also 

 clouded with brown, and the whole wing sparingly mottled with fuscous. 



Described from Boisduval's figures and from a single female taken by Lieutenant-Colonel 

 C. Swinhoe at Chaman, in South Afghanistan, on the nth of May, and which is referred to by 

 Mr. A. G. Butler in his Notes on Lieutenant-Colonel Swinhoe's collection as E. interposita.\ 

 This latter lacks the second submarginal black spot on the forewing, but otherwise corresponds 

 exactly with Boisduval's figure. It has no resemblance to E. inferposita ; and its white cilia 

 and quadrate hindwing at once distinguish it from E. neoza, which it most nearly resembles in 

 general aspect. 



A closely allied species from the Kirghiz steppes and the Mangyschlak peninsula on the 

 Caspian sea has been separated under the name of E. naricina. 



Epinephele naricina, Staudinger, {E. narica, Hiibner, var. ?), Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xiv, 

 p. TOO, n. 2 (1870). Smaller than E. narica, the smallest male measures i 3 inches in ex- 

 panse, and the female I '5 inches, against a minimum of r54 inches in the male of E. narica. 

 Upperside of the forewing as in E. narica, but the brand of the male is narrower, even 



* Efiiuefihete mandane, Kollir, Deiikschr. .\kad. Wien Math. -Nat. CI., vol. i, p. 52. n. 8 (1850). Habitat : 

 Persia. Ixhanse : i'7 to 2'i inches. 1)I'RCRIPTI0n :" /'V'rTtf/V/j?- entire; /z/«a'7('/«o- acutely dentite. UPi'RKSinR 

 cineraceous-fuscoiis. /-or^rt'/w^ with an oblong transverse silky black subcostal spot. Un:ie_rsior: Forewing 

 fulvous in the middle, with an abbreviated white fascia ; a black oceUus near the apex, with yellow iris, and 

 white pupil. Hintiwitig cinerenus, with a white median arched fascia margined with fuscous ; two ocelli ne.ir 

 the anal angle Mack, with white iris. Allied 10 E. eudo' a \^^F. /ycaoii^'tn ^\/e and shny^c,hul xhe marVmz^ 

 of the wings on the underside entirely different. Only two male specimens were brought from the .dpine 

 reiiions of .South Persia by Kotschy. 'I'his species is also vcrj' closely allied to F. iva.s'icri, Herrich-Schaffer, 

 (Supp'. ad Lep liur. Hiib., pi. Ixv, fius. 311 — 313) from which it differs in having the wings on the upperside 

 unicol'Tous cineraceoiis-fuscous." {Kollar, 1. c.) Mr. Kirby gives E. niaitd^ine as a synouiym oi E. wag;neri. 



t Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth series, vol. ix, p. 207 (1882). 



