NYMPHALID.I-:. SATYRIN.E. EI'INEPHKLE. 205 



allowing for its smaller size, ami not so black. In the single narictna, female, and in one 

 male there is beneath the subapical black spot a smaller one attached to it. On the undf.k- 

 SIDE of \\\Q foreiviuo the single difference is that the dark shadowy median line which cro<;ses 

 the winjj of E. uarica is totally wanting in E. naricinn. The UPPERSIDE of the hind-vin^ 

 is fuliginous-brown (blackish) as in E. narica, the only difference being that the cilia in 

 E. nariciiia are almost totally white ; only at the inner margin they show a trace of the dark 

 middle line of E Jiarica, and on the first dentations are distinct dark spots in E. iiaricina ; the 

 UNDERSIDE of the hludwiuQ forms the principal distinction between the two species, being in 

 E. Iiaricina without markings, almost as in E. lycaon or E. cadusia, [see foot note, p. 206], 

 with which E. naiiciua has no affinity. The extremely sharp delineation of the underside 

 of E. uarica with its white ncrvures, white cross bands, dark middle band and distinct sharp 

 dentated line at the outer margin is wanting in E. naricina almost totally. The underside is 

 light ash-grey, with a few darker atoms, and somewhat whiter shadows beyond the middle. 

 In spite of all this Staudinger considers that it will ultimately be found to be merely a variety 

 of E. uarica. (Abstracted from Staudinger's original description, 1. c.) 



194- Epinephelo CllOSlia, Moore. 

 Epinefhile ckeena,yioors, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1865, p. 501, n. 93, pi. xxx, fig. 6, ;«a/«r Bind /e male. 



Habitat : Western Himalayas. 



Expanse : i -8 to 2-3 inches. 



Description: "Male. Upperside dark brown, with a subapical, black, ferruginous- 

 encircled spot ; also a similar minute spot some distance below it. Underside pale greyish- 

 brown. Foreiuing with its discal portion ferruginous ; a medially submarginal dark brown 

 streak, and an ill-defined discal transverse line ; the subapical ocellus as above, but with a white 

 pupil and yellow iris. Hindiviiio covered with minute delicate brown striae. Female with 

 three black ferruginous-encircled ocelli, the upper and lower large, the middle one small. 

 Underside as in the male, but having the lower ocellus as on upperside, the middle one being 

 obsolete. Allied to ^. ya«/;v?. " {^Moore,\. c.) 



" Note. — The " meadow-brown" of the meadows of Rogi and Chini in Kunawar. It is 

 limited in its range, not appearing to the westward, nor venturing further north and east into 

 the drier lands affected by Epiiwphele davendra and \_Hippa?-chia] baldiva" (Colonel A. M. 

 Lang, R. E., 1. c. ) 



E. cheeua exhibits a considerable amount of variation ; in a large series of MALES 

 collected by Mr. de Niceville at Budrawah and Jora in Kashmir in June, only two specimens 

 show the second lower ocellular spot on the forewing ; in all the others the only mark on the 

 upperside is a single sub.ipical black spot, with its ferruginous iris, never prominent, often 

 obsolete. In Colonel Lang's specimens from Kunawar the ferruginous iris of the subapical 

 spot is always prominent, and the lower spot is represented in some specimens by a ferruginous 

 spot, in others by a black spot with a rather pro.ninent ferruginous iris, while in some a ferru- 

 ginous spot is visible between the two ocelli; on the underside the /^wr/zi/Zwo' is typically 

 almost uniform in colouration and without markings ; in some specimens are one, or two, 

 small blind subanal ocelli ; in some there is a highly irregular transverse discal dark line, the 

 ground-colour immediately beyond it being paler, deepening again towards the outer margin. 

 In the FEMALES the width of the ferruginous irides of the ocelli on the upperside varies much, 

 in some the space between the ocelli is also ferruginous coalescing with the irides, and forming 

 a ferruginous submarginal band, and often bearing a black spot between the ocelli ; and in some 

 the space between the ocelli and the end of the cell is also irrorated with ferruginous ; on the 

 underside the variations in the markings of the hindwing are as in the male. 



£". cheena is the commonest of all the species in the Western Himalayas, and has the 

 widest range. It has been taken at from 8,000 to 10,000 feet elevation in June, July, and 

 August in Kashmir, Faugi, and Kunawar ; and probably e.ttends eastwards as far as 

 Kepal. 



