2i6 NVMPIIALID^. SATYKIN.E. YPTHIMA. 



An apparently allied species, of which the female alone is known, has been described 

 from the Malay peninsula.* 



204. Tpthima philomela, Johanssen. 



Papilio Philomela, Johanssen, Amcen. Acad , vol. vi, p. 404, n. 60 (1764) ; Papilio philomelus, Linnaeus, 

 Syst Nal , vol. i, pt. ii, p. 768, n. 123 (1767) ; Papilio baldus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., Appendix, p. 829 

 (1775) ; id., Donovan's Ins. Ind., pi xxxvi, fig. 2 (:8oo); Sa/jnts ialdus, God&rt, Enc. Meth., vol. ix, 

 p. 551, n. 184 (1819) ; yplil/iima Ira/dus, Hewhion, Trans. Ent Soc. Lond , third series, vol. ii, p. 286, 

 n. 9 (1S64) ; Papilio la'a, Donovan Inec. Linnaus), Nat. Rep., vol. ii, pi. Ixxi (1834); Vpthima laroides, 

 Westwood, Gen. D. L., vol. ii, p. 395, n. 6 (1851) 



Habitat : India, Burma, Java, Sumatra, China. 

 Expanse : i"35 to 2 "50 inches ; usually about i*6 inches. 



Description : Male : Upperside brown. Forewmg with one bipupilled ocellus. A 

 broad streak of darker scales extending widely on both sides of the median nervure. Hind' 

 win^ with from two to si.x ocelli. Underside whitish, undulated throughout with brown, 

 with three brown fascise, one submarginal, one discal and one subbasal, the latter sometimes 

 indistinct. Fomving with one bipupilled ocellus. Hiiidimug with six placed in pairs in 

 echelon. Female : Uppekside paler, with a broad submarginal nebulous band of whitish 

 stria' on which the ocelli are pliiced, and which is defined inwardly and outwardly with a 

 dark line, otherwise marked as in the male ; the male also has traces of this nebulous band, 

 but it is far less distinct. 



Y. Philomela has a very wide range, and is perhaps the most variable species of the 

 genus ; it has not been recorded from Ceylon, but it is found not uncommonly in the 

 Ashamboo hills in Travancore in the extreme south of the peninsula, and through the Wynaad 

 along the Western Ghats as far as Khandalla ; we have no certain record of its occurrence 

 on the east coast or in the Deccan, though it probably will be found in suitable localities 

 throughout the peninsula and Central India ; we have specimens from Manbhoom and Orissa, 

 and in Lower Bengal, Eastern Bengal, and Assam it is one of the commonest species. In the 

 Himalayas also it is found as far west as. Ch unba, and probably throughout the range 

 eastward ; in Sikkim it is not uncommon ; it is fouud in the Khasi and Naga hills, Cachar, and 

 in .\rakan, Pegu and Tenasserim, and extends to Java. Mr. Distant does not mention it in his 

 ** Rhopalocera Malayana," but he appears to have figured and described it under the name 

 K nidhora (p. 56, pi. vi, fig. 9, 1882). 



The ocelli of tha undkrside of the h i iiihving \ary greatly in size and prominence, being 

 sometimes almo.it entirely obsolete ; when large each pair is coalescent, when small, all are well 

 separated, but wherever they can be discerned the arrangement in pairs in echelon is distinct ; 

 occasionally a seventh minute ocellus appears below the lower discoidal nervule. On the 

 upperside of the hiiuhving the pair of ocelli on the median interspaces is always present 

 (except in a single specimen from Tenasserim in which the upper one is wanting) and pro- 

 minent, the upper and lower pairs are extremely variable, in some all four are present, and 

 in these cases the ocellation of the upperside corresponds in .arrangement with that of the 

 underside ; in others almost every variation is presented, every combination from two to six 

 ocelli being represented. On the upperside of one foieiving only in a female specimen from 



• yplhima neivl>o/tii, Distant. Hibitat: Province Welle^ley Expanse : yi-wrt/ir, 165 inches Dbscriptios : 

 ''Upi'^nsidk pale brown. Foreiving with a large subovate piler fascia, placed transversely on apical h.ilf, and 

 on which is a large black ocellated spot, with a yellow margin and with two small bluish talc-like eyes ; this 

 spot is placed a liille beyond end of cell, its upper margin extending a little above first discoidal nervule, and 

 its lower margin reaching the second median nervule. Hind-Ming with a broad pale submarginal fascia, on 

 ■which are three ocellated black spots, with yellow margins and bluish talc-like eyes, the lirst and smallest 

 of which is placed between second subcostal and disc(jidal nervules, and the other two. which are largest and 

 placed close together, are situated nearer to the posterior margin, and between the median nervules. Undkr- 

 8IDB pale greyish, mottled with brown ; ocellated spots as above, but hindiving having two additional smaller 

 ones placed close together near anal angle, between third median nervule and submedi^n nervure and the small 

 ipot, a-s seen above, much larger beneath. Allied to K >w//Mtrt, Hewitson, but differs in having five instead 

 of six ocellated spots on the unnerside of the hiiui^uiug. which have also a different and more unicoloroiis hue." 

 {Distant, Ann and M;.g Nat. Hist., fifth series vol ix, p. 306(1882). 1 c ; idem, id., Rhop. Malay , p. 57. 

 n. 3, pi. IV, fig. 6 (i68ij ftmali.) 



