222 NYMPHALID.E. SATYRIN/E. YPTHIMA. 



This is the common species of the Western Himalayas. The MALE insect has no 

 sexual patch on the wings ; and the fkmai.e only differs by its slightly paler colouration, rather 

 larger ocelli, and broader more rounded wings. On the upperside the outer margin is 

 slightly paler than the rest of the wings, and bears an indistinct daik subniarginal line, less 

 distinct on the hindwing. On the UNDERSIDE there is a rufous brown submarginal band on 

 \.ht /oreivittg, narrow at the apex and wide at the inner margin ; all the rest of the wing being 

 rufous brown, closely and delicately undulated with yellowish striae ; the ocelli are large, black, 

 with bluish-silver pupils, and yellow iris, bordered with a narrow outer ring of brown ; that on 

 ihe forewitig is subapical, oblong, and bipupilled, those on the hindwing are rounded, one 

 subapical large, and two subanal smaller, the lower of the two latter the smallest, and sometimes 

 bipupilled. Hewitson remarks that the anal ocellus is bipupilled in X\\q female, but his figure of 

 the female belongs to the next species, Y. newara, and the bipupillation of the anal ocellus in 

 reality occurs casually in both sexes. 



Y. nareda, as here restricted, appears to be found only in the Western Himalayas, being 

 replaced in the East by the next species, T. newara. It occurs at from 6,000 to 8,000 feet 

 elevation in suitable localities throughout the Western Himalayas, and is not uncommon. We 

 have specimens from Kashmir taken in June at 8,200 feet elevation ; from Pangi and Kulu 

 taken in May and July ; and from the neighbourhood of Simla in July ; it also occurs at 

 Mussoorie and probably in Kumaon. 



The figure shows the upper and undersides of a male specimen from Kulu in the Indian 

 Museum, Calcutta, 



Yphthima neivata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 567; Y. nareda, Hewitson, Trans. Ent. Soc. 

 Lond., third series, vol. ii, pi. xvii, fig. 7 (\'&(3\), female. 



Habitat : Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Cachar, Upper Burma. 



Expanse : i 6 to 20 inches. 



Description: "Male: Upperside brown. /^(?/"<!w/«^' with a single subapical ocellus. 

 Hind-wing with two subanal ocelli, the former bipupilled, and the latter with a single pupil 

 of bright blue. Underside yellowish grey, ' partly covered with numerous short brown 

 stri^K ; both wings with a narrow submarginal brown fascia, foreiving with a single bipupilled 

 ocellus as above. Hindwing with three ocelli, the apical one very large, the anal bipupilled, 

 the other one with a single bright blue pupil. Female : Upperside brown, externally with 

 short pale striga, both wings with a single ocellus. Underside as in the male." 



*' Differs from Y . nareda, Kollar, in being somewhat larger, the female striated above, 

 the ocelli of both sexes much larger on the underside, and the position of the ocellus on the 

 forewing being less inwardly oblique." (Moore, 1. c.) 



Specimens of Y. nnvara from Sikkim are very distinct, but the Nepal race on which 

 the species is founded seems to approximate to K nareda far more than the Sikkim race 

 does ; and it is not improbable that this may be merely a geographical variety of Y. nareda 

 which it replaces in the Eastern Himalayas. The whitish stria; on the UPPERSIDE of the 

 female which cover the outer half of both wings form a well-marked character, and on the 

 UNDERSIDE the Very large and brightly coloured ocelli in both sexes, and the even character 

 of the brown submarginal band not widening out below the ocellus, as well as the much 

 bolder strialion of the rest of the wing serve to distinguish it. 



The second subanal ocellus on the upperside of the hindwittg is not constant in the 

 male, and it more frequently occurs in the female, being a casual not a sexual variation. There 

 is no sexual patch in the male. 



We have specimens of Y. newara from Nepal; from Sikkim taken by Messrs. Otto 

 M<)ller and de Nicevillc in October at about 3,000 feet elevation ; from Sibsagar in Upper Assam ; 

 from Shillong in the Khasi Hills taken by Dr. E. R. Johnson in l\Iay and July ; from Cachar 

 taken by Mr. Wood-Mason in May and July ; and others brought by Ihc Yunan Expedition. 



