NYMPHALID^. SATYRIN^. YPTHIMA. 223 



211. Tpthima paadOCUS, Moore. 



Yphthimn fnndocus, Moore, Horsfield niitl Moore, Cat. I.ep K. I. C , vol. i, p. 235, n. 506 (1857) ; id., 

 Hewit.son, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., third series, vol. ii, p. 290, n. 16, pi, xviii, fig. 12(1864) > yptliima paudociis, 

 Butler, Cat. Lep. B. M., Sa/yriilo', p. 149, n. 5 (1868). 



Habitat : N. India, Mergui, Java. 



Expanse: <?, 1-5; ?, 175 inches. 



Description : *' Wings fuscous. Foreiving on b.ith sides with one ocellus. Hindwing 

 with two on the upperside. Underside whitish, clouded and undulated with rufous. 

 Himhoiiii^wxth. three ocelli." (Hcwitson, I.e.) The original description by Moore, which 

 is appended for reference,* is of little use, as it is given in comparison with a species from China 

 with which it has but little affinity ; the description, moreover, is certainly meagre and appar- 

 ently inaccurate, for no Yplki>na\.ha.\. we are acquainted with has only two ocelli on the underside 

 of the hindwing, unless it be by accidental or varietal obliteration of one or more ; and two 

 of the original Specimens of Y. fan focus from the East India Museum are now in the India 

 Museum, Calcutta, and liave three (not two) ocelli, as correctly described by Ilevvitson. 



The types of Y. pandocus are from Java ; they have on the upperside a submarginal 

 dark line within which is an obsolete paler band on which the ocelli of both wings are 

 placed. The underside differs from that of all others in this group by having the ground- 

 colour partially whitish, and the density of the striation very irregular, so that large patches 

 of whitish almost free from striation are left, especially on the hindwing ; they are over 

 one and a half inches in expanse. 



We have seen nothing from North India agreeing altogether with the types, Ijut we have 

 several specimens, among them one from the old East India Museum collection, lalielled " India'' 

 and named Y. pandocus, agreeing fairly well in colour and markings though very much smaller, 

 barely over an inch in expanse. Y. fandoctis ma.y be distinguished from Y. asterope, ihe on\y 

 other species with similar ocellation of the hindwing with so small an expanse, by the greater 

 prevalence of whitish on the underside of the hindwing ; and by the absence of the outer brown 

 ring to the ocellus on the underside of the forewing. Besides the specimen labelled "India'' 

 referred to above, we have others taken at Barrackpore in November, and at Mergui in March. 



An allied species or variety from Malacca has been described by Butler under the name 

 of Y. coriicaria-\ ; it is redescribed and figured by Distant, but we are unable to discover in 

 what way it is supposed to differ from Y. pandocus. Distant's remarks (Rhop, Malay., p. 56, 

 1882) show that the ocelli in this species are variable, which is borne out by the North 

 Indian examples of F. pandocus, and other allied species ; the second subanal ocellus on the 

 upperside of the hindwing is often found in Y. newara and sometimes in Y. nareda. 



• Vprkima pandocus, 'Moore. Dbscbiption : " UpptrsidH as in Yphth'tma lysandrn. but with only two 

 ocelli on the hindwing, the lower ocellus being at the anal angle and very small. Underside with the hhuiwing 

 having only two ocelli " (Moore, 1. c. ) 



t Ypthiina lO'ticaria, Butler, Trans. Linn. ?oc. Lond., second series vol. i. Zoology, p. 537 (1876) ; idem, 

 id., Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 55, pi. vi, fig 8 (1882). Habitat: Malacca. Expanse: 1*7 inches. Descrip- 

 tion: "Upprrsidb. ^<?//( wi«^.f greyish brown, an inner submarginal streak, and an outer submarginal line, 

 blackish, diffused. Forctvi ng with a large subapical oval black ocellus, with two plumbaginous pupils, and a 

 testaceous iris surrounded by a du.sky line ; a similar smaller unipupillated rounded Ocellus near anal angle of 

 hindwing, Unuersiub : Both ivings white, densely reticulated with brown, two ill-defined, interrupted, 

 central, subparallel lines ; a submarginal streak and line as above. Fottwing with the ocellus brighter .Tnd better 

 defined than above, outer border pale brown, bounded by the inner submarginal streak. H indwing with three 

 ocelli, one at apex (below which is sometimes another extremely small ocellus), and two placed obliquely at 

 anal angle, the lower one small and irregular. Allied to K. nareda." (Butler , \.c.) 



In his Rhopalocera Malayana, Mr. Dist.int remarks: "This species also exhibits the inconstancy of ocellated 

 macular markings. In the type specimen described by Butler there was only one spot on the upperside of the 

 hindwing near the anal angle, whilst on the underside the duplex one of the specimen here described was single. 

 In another Malaccan specimen in the British Museum there is a fourth very small ocellated spot below the one 

 at apex." 



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