NYMPHALID^. SATYRIN^. YPTIIIMA. 227 



placed one near the apex, and three together towards the anal angle ; they are indistinctly 

 pupilled with silver." [Ile-witson, 1. c.) 



Y. hiu'hneti is a very variable insect ; typically the UPPERSinE of the male is uniform rather 

 pale fuliginous brown, with an indistinct dark submarginal line on both wings, and two ocelli 

 on the hhidwiug, and one large bipupilled ocellus on \\\q: forezving. The upperside of the 

 FEMALE has two indistinct bands of whitish strias on the forewing, one on either side of the 

 ocellus meeting at the hinder angle, and continued on the hindwing as an indistinct submar- 

 ginal pale band, and the ocellus of the forewing is larger with prominent yellow iris margined 

 with brown. On the unuersidk in both sexes the ocelli are typically prominent on both wings, 

 the ground-colour is whitish, especially on the hindwing, finely but not very densely striated 

 with rufous-brown ; a marginal rufous line on both wings, a .short line from the lower edge of 

 the ocellus on the forewing ; and a median fascia distinct on the forewing, but disappearing on 

 the hindwing. 



The variations of the upperside, which are casual and common to both .sexes, are as 

 follows: — {a.) With the /on-'coing immaculate; and again with great diversity in the size 

 and prominence of the ocellus when present. (3.) With the hindwiiio immaculate, {c.) The 

 /»>/</w/«^'- with a single ocellus between the lower median nervules. {d.) Tlie hindivbtg with 

 a second ocellus between the upper median nervules. (*. ) The kindzaing with a third minute 

 (sometimes geminate) ocellus at the anal angle. (/.) The hindzoiug with a fourth ocellus at 

 apex, the ocellation in this case being similar to that of the underside. 



The variations of the underside are in the ocellation of the kittdzvhn;, every gradation 

 being found from prominent very black ocelli with minute silvery pupils, and wide pale 

 ochreous irides, to minute dots, and in some cases no trace of ocelli whatever ; and also there 

 is a shght variation in the density of the rufous striae, and in the prominence of the 

 rufous fasciae ; where the ocelli are minute or obsolete, the striation is, as a rule, less dense, 

 giving a paler, more whitish, tone to the whole, and at the same time the narrow rufous bands 

 are more prominent, and on the hindwing the median band is more irregular. 



In one very aberrant female specimen from Calcutta the yellow irides of the ocelli on 

 the underside of the hindwing coalesce, forming a distinct yellow submarginal band, defined on 

 both sides with a dark line, and bearing besides the usual four ocelli, a fifth and sixth, minute, 

 placed one on each side of the discoidal nervule. In another female from Sibsagar the subapical 

 ocellus is highly irregular in shape, having apparently two, if not three, other minute ocelli 

 coalescing with it on its margin. 



Where the ocelli of the underside are traceable, Y. hucbneri can be distinguished from 

 all others by their number and position, except from Y. ceylonica, Y. chemd, and Y. robinsoni. 

 Y. ceylonica has the lower half of the hindwing pure white on both sides, and Y. chcfiiii and 

 K r(?^/wi7/n' have the rufous bands of the underside very broad and prominent, and the three 

 subanal ocelli of the hindwing placed on the dark submarginal band. 



Where the ocelli of the underside are indistinguishable on the hindwing, the species is not 

 so easy to determine ; from Y. philomela and its allies, Y. ordinata, Y. indecora, Y. methora, 

 Y. tnarshallii, &c., it can be distinguished by the absence of the sexual patch on the forewing 

 of the male ; from Y. narasing/ia by its smaller size, and by the presence of the rufous fascice 

 on the underside ; from Y. inica by its larger size, whitish colour of the underside and com- 

 paratively uniform striation ; and from Y. asterope by the absence of the large outer brown 

 band encircling the ocellus on the underside of the forewing. 



Y. huebneri is very common in the neighbourhood of Calcutta, throughout the year, and 

 in Assam as far north as Sibsagar at any rate ; and in both these localities every variation 

 appears to be represented. We have specimens also from Manbhoom both with and without 

 the ocelli on the upperside of the hindwing ; and typical specimens from the Sikkim tarai 

 taken by Mr. Otto MoUer from July to September ; also from Akyab taken in July ; from Pe^u 

 taken in May and June, and from Gyne in Burma, taken by Captain C. HE. Adamson in Jan- 

 uary. In these latter the male is typical, the female has the ocelli minute, and the rufous median 



