228 NYMPHALID/E. SATYRIN.E. YPTHIMA. 



fascia prominent on the undersitle. Lieutenant-Colonel C. Swinlioe lias taken a few specimens 

 at Mahableshwar in May wliich are typical. Mr. G. Vidal took numerous specimens in March on 

 the Coessi and Onomed Ghats, in the South Konkan, and in these all the males were 

 typical, with prominent ocelli on the underside of the hindwing, and the median fascia 

 obsolete ; while all the females have the ocelli minute or obsolete, and the median fascia promi- 

 nent. Typical specimens have also been taken in the Upper Godaveri districts, by Mr. C. R. 

 Morris in September ; and at Trevandrum and in the Ashamboo Hills, in May, by Mr. Harold 

 Fergusson. The specimens from the South are much darker in tone than those from North- 

 East India. Two male specimens from Chumba notably differ from typical Y. hiiehneri 

 in the uniform colour of the upperside with no dark marginal line, and in the uniformly and 

 densely striated underside, with no trace of fascire. These are the only specimens we have seen 

 from North-West India, and are a distinct geographical variety. 



The figure shows the upper and undersides of a male specimen from Barrackpore in Major 

 Marshall's collection, 



2 1 8. YptMma ceylonica, iiewitson. 



Yphthinm ceylonica, Hewitson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., third series, vol. ii, p. 288, pi. xviii, figs, n 

 15 (1864); Ypthima ceylonica, Moore, Lep. Cey., p. 25, pi. xii, figs. 5, male; ^ a, female (1880). 



Habitat : Ceylon, Travancore, Madras, Orissa. 



Expanse : I'l to i"55 inches. 



Description: "Upperside rufous-brown. Forrtving with one large ocellus, with 

 two silver pupils, Hindzcing with the outer half white, the outer margin and a submarginal 

 line of black ; one obscure ocellus and a minute black spot. Underside white, undulated 

 with rufous-brown. Fore^.uing with the ocellus as above, thickly undulated towards the outer 

 margin, Hindwing slightly undulated near the margins, with four ocelli, one near the apex, 

 three near the anal angle, the outer ocellus minute, blind, the anal ocellus with two pupils 

 of silver." 



"The ocelli on the underside of the hindwing differ much. In one specimen, three are 

 perfect, one blind ; in another two only are perfect." (Hewitson, 1. c. ) 



This is a very remarkable species ; on the upperside the lower half of the hindwing is 

 pure snowy white, contrasting strongly with the brown hue of the rest of the wing ; the 

 female is similarly coloured to the male, but both sexes show considerable variation. On 

 the UPPERSIDE of the hindwing there is often a subapical black spot, with sometimes a smaller 

 one below it, and three rather large subanal perfect ocelli, sometimes one or more blind ; 

 the upper one is often minute and the lower one sometimes wanting altogether. On the 

 UNDERSIDE the forewing is undulated throughout, finely and sparingly towards the base, 

 densely on the outer area ; the hindwing is typically almost entirely pure white, there being 

 only a few delicate undulations near the margins, but in some specimens the basal area is also 

 undulated, and in others again the undulations extend, though sparingly, over the entire wing. 

 The ocellation of the underside is as in Y. huebneri, and as in that species is variable. 



Till quite recently Y. ceylonica was believed to be confined to the island of Ceylon ; 

 but it has now been taken in Travancore by Mr. H. Fergusson, and in Orissa by Mr. W. C. 

 Taylor, and Mr. Kirby records it from Madras. In the Orissa specimens the striation of the 

 underside is denser and shows a considerable approximation to Y. huebneri, to which it is 

 evidently closely allied. The male has no trace whatever of the brand on the forewing. 



In Ceylon Y. ceylonica is "very common at Galle and Colombo among grass and weeds 

 by the roadside. Flight short, constantly settling down on leaves or in grass." (Hntchison). 



219- YptMma chenui, Guerin. 



Satyriis chenu, Gudrin, in Deless. Souv. Voy. Ind , pt. ii, p. 77, pi. xxi, figs. 2, 2 a (1843), female » 

 Yphthima chenu, Hewitson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend , third series, vol. ii, p. 285, n. 7 (1864); Ypthima chenui, 

 Kirby, Syn. Cat. D. L., p. 95, n. 15 (1871). 



Habitat : Nilgiri Hills, South India. 



Expanse : 1*33 to 175 inches. 



Description : " Upperside greyish-brown, with some fine nebulous paler strlse towards 



