NYMPHALlDyE. SATYRIN^E. YPTHIMA. 231 



Cramer ; it is clear that the species identified by Ilewitson with V. lysandra, Cramer, was not 

 that species, but what it really was we cannot ascertain. 'J he true Y. lysamiia is from China, 

 and is very distinct, the upperside being uniform rather dark brown, with one bipupilled 

 ocellus on the fomoing, and three subanal prominent on the hindwiug. The undekside is 

 ochreous, uniformly striated with brown. Forezving with the ocellus as usual, no dark fascia, 

 the inner margin broadly white. Hmdwiiig with two prominent subapical ocelli on a short 

 dark band, beyond and in continuation of which is a whitish fascia to the inner margin ; below 

 this IS another short dark band from anal angle bearing three prominent ocelli placed in a line. 



Y. singala was originally described from a specimen from Badulla in Ceylon at an elevation 

 of 3,000 feet. In Moore's " Lep. Ceylon" it is stated to be "rare ; a few specimens only taken 

 in long grass on borders of cofiee-plantations at Buselowe, 3,000 feet elevation." (Unli/ii- 

 son). In the Indian Museum, Calcutta, there are five specimens of the male, three of 

 them typical with no ocelli on the upperside on either wing, and two have two subanal ocelli 

 on the hindwing, the upper minute and evanescent. On the underside of the hindwing four 

 ocelli are always present, one above the discoidal nervule, and one below each median nervule ; 

 sometimes there are six by the appearance of a minute apical and a minute subanal ocellus, 

 and sometimes five by the absence of one or other of these latter : the linear arrangement of 

 these ocelli distinguish Y. singala from all other species of this group except Y. thora, which 

 is closely allied to it, and Y. bolanica which is otherwise widely diverse. The male of 

 Y. singala has no trace of a sexual patch on the forewing. 



Until recently Y. singala was believed to be confined to the island of Ceylon, but in 

 October last a pair, male and female, were taken by Mr. J. A. Betham in the Central Provinces 

 near Nagpore, which are inseparable from Ceylon examples. A specimen in Major 

 Marshall's collection, taken at Barrackpore in November, seems to link this species with 

 Y. hucbneri, the third and fourth ocelli of the hindwing are slightly out of line, the anal pair 

 is geminated, and the first is larger than the second. In Colonel Lang's collection are two 

 typical males from Kussowli ; and a very aberrant male from the Rajmahal district, with the 

 fasciae on the underside of the hindwing very prominent. 



223. Ypthima tTlOra, Moore. 

 Y. thora, Moore, Lep. Cey., p. 24, pi. xii, figs. 4, 4a (18S0), male. 



Habitat : Ceylon. 



Expanse : d'l i'4 inches. 



Description : " Male : Upperside brown. Forewing with a prominent subapical 

 bipupilled ocellus. Hindwing \v\i\\ a small indistinct subanal ocellus. Underside cinereous, 

 numerously covered with short delicate brown strigas. Fornving with a very indistinct discal 

 and marginal band, ocellus prominent. Hindzmng with five very minute ocelli, disposed in 

 linear order." (Moore, 1. c.) Female somewhat paler than the male, wings broader, the 

 markings identical. 



We have never seen this species ; it is evidently very closely allied to Y. singala, but 

 appears to be distinct, though the only point of difference is on the upperside of the fornving, 

 which has an ocellus which is absent from male Y. singala, though present in the female of 

 that species. It is not known whether the male has or has not a sexual patch on the fore- 

 wing ; in all probability it is absent, as in K singala. 



224. Tpthima bolanica, Marshall, n. sp. 

 Habitat : Mach, Bolan Pass, Beluchistan. 

 Expanse : $ , \'6 inches. 



Description : Male : Upperside dark brown, (distinctly glo.ssed with purple in some 

 lights when fresh as in Callerebia). Fornving with a prominent black ocellus with two large 

 bluish-silver pupils and narrow yellow iris, ringed with dark brown, then with mottled greyish 



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