240 NYMPHALID/E. SATYRIN.E. EREBIA. 



branch being angulated at the place of junction, beyond which it is nearly straight ; the median 

 and submedian nervures not dilated at the base. Hindwing suboval, entire along the anal 

 margin [it is slightly incised in the Indian species] ; the outer margin also entire, or but 

 slightly scalloped ; beneath often marked with dark freckles, with a broader dark subcentral 

 fascia. Subcostal nervurc arising nearer the body than the prnscostal, its branch arising at a 

 moderate distance from the base of the wing ; the upper disco-cellular longer than the space 

 between its base and that of the branch, and sometimes rather arched ; the loiocr disco-cellular 

 considerably longer, straight, more oblique, uniting with the third branch of the median ner- 

 vure at a short distance from its base, closing the discoidal cell rather beyond the middle of 

 the wing. Forelegs of the male extremely minute, concealed among the hairs of the breast, 

 very densely hairy ; the tarsus much shorter than the tibia, and very slender. Forelegs of the 

 FEMALE much longer, scaly, slender ; the outside of the tibia and tarsus with a few rather long 

 setre ; the tarsus nearly as long as the tibia, scaly, not very distinctly articulated, the extremity 

 armed with fine setK-like spines. Four hindlegs moderately long, slender, scaly ; femur clothed 

 within with long hairs ; tibia armed with a few spines, those on the sides beneath forming 

 rows ; tarsus nearly as long as the tibia, more thickly and irregularly spined ; chnvs simple ; 

 puhilli very minute." 



"Larva rather robust, finely pubescent, longitudinally striated ; head small ; tail pointed, 

 bifid." {IVeslwood, 1. c.) 



Erebia is distinguished from the preceding genera by having the wings much rounded in 

 outline, also the costal nervure alone is dilated at the base ; and the outer margin is very 

 convex, entire, or scarcely perceptibly sinuate. The colour in the Indian species is velvety 

 blackish-brown on the upperside, with ferruginous or ochreous patches on the disc ; and on the 

 underside the hindwing is very thickly clothed with scales and short hairs, dark brown irrorated 

 with greyish throughout, and having a complete discal row of white spots. The structural 

 differences between it and the following genus Callerebia are very slight, but there is a well- 

 defined character in the markings so far as our Indian species are concerned ; in all the Indian 

 Erebias tlie ferruginous patches are more or less present, the apical ocellus of the forewing is 

 round, and has a single white pupil on the upperside, sometimes very prominent, (occasionally 

 two on the underside in E. shallada), and the hindwing is without ocelli of any kind either 

 on upper or underside. In the Indian Callerebias the ferruginous patches are never present on 

 the upperside, though the ocelli have often ferruginous irides ; the apical ocellus of the forewing 

 is oval and bipupilled on both sides even when least prominent ; and the hindwing has almost 

 universally a subanal ocellus on the upperside, and one or more on the underside. The MALE 

 insects have no sexual patches or tufts of hair on the wing. Erebia is a Paljearctic genus, of 

 which numerous species occur in Europe and Northern Asia, but only three species occur in 

 India, and these are only found within our limits in the Western Himalayas. In habits they 

 frequent forests and bare grassy slopes at from 6,000 to 14,000 feet elevation, and have a weak 

 flopping flight, with an irregular pitching action. 



Zey to the Indian species of Erebia. 



A. Upperside velvety brown, with ferruginous or ochreous discal patches ; the apical ocellus of the furewiiig 

 round, with a single pupil : no ocelli on the hindwing on upper or undersides. 



a. The ferruginous patches of the upperside diffused. 



as'. The patches large and including the ocellus on the forewing; the ocellus 

 with distinct fulvous iris. 



232. E. KALiNDA, Western Himalayas. 



^'. The patches small on both wings and very dark ferruginous, well removed 

 from the ocellus on the forewing ; the ocellus with the iris obsolete or 

 indistinct. 



233. E. SHALLADA, Western Himalayas. 



b. The patch of the forewing paler and ochreous, very large and well-defined ; no patch 



on the hindwing. 



734. E. M.\Ni, Ladak, 



