242 NV.MPHALID.€. SATYRIN.^. EREBIA. 



8,000 feet altitude, on grass-covered and rocky slopes above the Sutlej in June." Since then 

 Mr. de Nicd'ville has taken a large number at Ulwas in company with E. kalinda in May ; 

 he also found it during that month exceedingly plentifully along all the roads in the station of 

 Dalhousie, and through the thick forest as far as Kujiar. Major C. H. T. Marshall found it 

 commonly at Kujiar near Dalhousie and at other places in the Chumba State in May ; and 

 Mr. A. Graham Young took it in Kulu in May and July. 



The figure represents a male specimen, taken in Kulu by Mr. A. Graham Young, showing 

 both upper and undersides. 



234. ErelDia mani, de n. (Plate xv, Fig, 43 <j ). 



E- Mani, de Niceville, Journ. A. S. B., vol. xlix, pt. ii, p. 247 (1880.) 



Habitat : Chung Pass and Lingti, Ladak. 



Expanse : 2*0 to 2' i inches. 



Description : Male : Upperside, 6ofk wings dusky brown. Cilia gray at the 

 interspaces. Forewing with a somewhat square bright ochreous patch, bounded inwardly 

 above by the disco-cellular nervules, below which it extends in an almost straight line to 

 below the first median nervule, where it becomes merged into the ground-colour ; 

 outwardly it almost follows the curve of the wing, but the ground-colour beyond is slightly 

 wider ai the apex ; anteriorly it is bounded by the subcostal nervure. It bears a large 

 round black spot, with an iris of a slightly lighter colour than the ground, and a minute 

 white pupil. ^;Wkv«^ immaculate. Underside: /br^fw^ with the discal patch more 

 diffused, extending into the cell, and thickly irrorated with deep ferruginous scales, especially 

 that portion in and just beyond and below the cell. The iris of the black spot is wider and 

 lighter than above. The apex and outer half of the costa thickly irrorated with grey scales, 

 as is also the himlwing throughout, which also bears a submarginal series of seven or eight 

 small white dots. Female with both the ground-colour everywhere, and the discal patch on 

 the forewing slightly lighter ; the grey portions of the cilia more prominent. 



Mr. de Niceville took six males and two females on the Chang Pass, on July lOth, 

 and one female at Lingti on the i6th, all at high elevations. 



Of the species of Erebia occurring in Central and Western Asia beyond our limits, 

 E. vtaracandica* Erschoff, is the only one which approaches the Indian group. This species 

 is closely allied to E. kalinda, but appears to differ in having the ocellus on the Jorewing 

 on both sides very much smaller, and the underside much more uniform in colouration, the 

 hindwing lacking the greyish irrorations, and the foreivmg the dark ferruginons patch 

 which covers almost the whole wing in E. kalinda. 



Erebia turanica, Erschoff, is figured by Serge Alpheraky, (Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., vol. 

 xvi, p. 413, pi. XV, fig. 22 (1881). and is of very different aspect. It is a dark brown insect 

 of uniform colouration on both sides ; the upperside with a discal row of three yellow spots 

 on the /ore7ving, the first just beyond the cell large and divided by the lower discoidal nervule, 

 the other two smaller, one on each median interspace ; and on the hindwing a submarginal 

 row of five smaller yellow spots, one on each interspace from the apex. The underside 

 is similar, but it has in addition on the hindv,ing a prominent pure white discal band out- 

 wardly dentate, inwardly even and macular towards the costa ; also a small white spot near 

 the end of the cell, and another below it. It is said to be very common everywhere between 

 3,000 and 10,000 feet altitude during the summer in the Tian-chian mountains. 



Erebia kalmiika, Alpheraky, is figured and described in the same work (p. 414, pi. xv, figs. 

 18 (?, 19 ? ), and is again of a totally different aspect. Description : " Upperside brown- 

 ish-fuscous. Forewing with the costa, apex, disco-cellular nervules, and outer margin, and 

 hindwing with outer margin, narrowly-irrorated with whitish (less densely in the female). 



* E ynaracandica, Erschoff. The male is described and figured in Erschoff's Lepidoptera of Turkestan 

 p. 17, n. 56, pi. i, fig. 13 (1874). Drscription : "Uppbbsidh fuscous. Foreiuing \i\\!n a large outer patch 

 marked with a black ocellus with a white pupil. Hindwing with an outer patch, fulvous Unorbside, both 

 uiings fuscous. Foicvjing fulvescent at the base, ////wif/w^ with a transverse outer series of whitish dots." 

 (Enchoff, I.e.) 



