NYMPIIALID.^. SATYRIN.Ii. CALLEREBIA, 243 



Underside of the male. Forr.ving chestnut, the costa, the outer margin, and the disco-cellu- 

 lar nervules irrorated with silvery-whitish scales. Jluidwing powdered with greyish-silvery 

 throughout. Of the female the foravitig is paler, the hhidwing brownish-grey with whitish 

 nervules." (^ /////; (7/fT, 1. c.) Found from 9,000 feet elevation up to the limit where vege- 

 tation ceases in the mountains near Kuldja. 



Erehia sibo, Alpheraky, is also figured and described in the same work (p. 416, pi. xv, figs. 

 20 <?,2i?). It is found in the same mountains, and somewhat resembles E. kalmuka 

 in aspect, both species being totally devoid of ocelli or white dots of any sort on either wing 

 on either surface, but is rarer and more local. Description : " Wings rounded, costa arched. 

 Male much larger, the wings more ample. Female wiih the wings narrower. Upper- 

 side fuscous, between the nervules chestnut towards the outer margin. Underside of the 

 male. Forewiiig chestnut, with black nervules. Hindwhig greyish-fuscous, with ashy nervules, 

 three undulate arched streaks fuscous, one subbasal, one median, and one before the margin, 

 of which the last two unite above the anal angle. Of the female, very different from the 

 male. Forewiiig dilute biownish-grey, with a submarginal and a median series of dots, and 

 the basal dots, irregular, brown, [in the figure the basal area is darker, defined by a dark 

 lunulate median streak, beyond which is another lunulate dark submarginal streak]. Hindtving 

 brownish-ashy, the nervules paler, a broad median fuscescent fascia, everywhere irregularly 

 defined with fuscous, and a submarginal series of angulate marks brownish-fuscous." 



In a paper on the Lepidopterous fauna of Transcaucasia* Lederer notes the occurrence of 

 the following species of Erehia in the tract dealt with -.—E. iyndarus, Esper ; E. pronoe, Esper ; 

 E. havitsottii, Lederer ; E. ligea, Linnaeus ; and E. afra, Fabricius ; also of E. vidancholica, 

 Herrich-Schaffer. Of the last we have no figure or description available ; the other five 

 belong to a different section of the genus which is numerously represented in Europe, and 

 in which the characteristic colouring is dark brown with an incomplete rather narrow 

 ferruginous band on each wing bearing a series of ocelli ; of course the extent to which 

 these characters are present and developed varies greatly in the various species. It is very un- 

 likely that any Erebias of this section of the genus will be found to occur within our limits. 



Genus 2S. -CALLEREBIA, Butler. (Plate XV). 



Callerebia, Butler, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., third series, vol. xx, p. 217 (1867). 

 " Very similar to Erebia ; differs in the form and markings of the wings, the anal angle 

 of the hindxving being frequently produced and lobe-shaped ; also in the more slender 

 antennae less distinctly clavate, and in the more angulate palpi. Otherwise as in Erebia." 

 {Butler, 1. c.) 



Callerebia is apparently almost exclusively confined to the Himalayas and out-lying ranges ; 

 a single species occurs in the Khasi hills, and one species has been described from Moupin 

 in Thibet, all the rest occur in the Western Himalayas, some of them extending to the Eastern 

 Himalayas as far as Nepal. They affect lower elevations than the Erebias do, and are common 

 in the outer ranges at 6,000 feet altitude ; they differ in colour and markings from the 

 Erebias, as pointed out above ; and are sombre brown insects with weak pitching flight 

 and similar habits, but are more frequently found in shady places and among the under- 

 growth in forests ; they all have a bipupilled ocellus on both sides of the forewing, and 

 at least one subanal ocellus with a single pupil on the hindzving, except occasionally in 

 C. scanda ; on the underside of the hindwinq also at least one of the submarginal dots, and 

 often several of them, are developed into ocelli, except occasionally in C. orixa. Nine species 

 or varieties have been described ; all of them are more or less variable in their markings, and all 

 are closely allied to each other, many of them being very doubtfully distinct. The male insect 

 has no sexual patches or tufts of hair on the wings, and the sexes are but very slightly differ- 

 entiated in colour and markings ; the females chiefly differ in the somewhat broader and more 

 rounded outline and the slightly paler tone of colouration. When the specimens of this genus 

 are fresh and newly emerged from the chrysalis, they are beautifully glossed with deep blue in 

 some lights. 



* Annates de la Sod Ent. de Belgique, Tome xiii, p. 25 (1869-70). 



