wrote that they were « still causing great trouble, and they seem 
difficult to kill without injuring mushrooms ». This species swarmed 
in the caves and was found in the soil long before the mushrooms 
had started growing. The young fungi were gnawed at once, and 
those that did not rot under the attack were mere stunted thines 
unfit for market. The Aptera watched fed mainly on the tender 
upper skin, but later they were found in and on the gills. 
Cabbages attacked by Achorutzs purpurescens LUBBOCK. 
An Achorutes identified by Professor CARPENTER as A. pur- 
purescens of Lubbock has been found on one of the farms belong- 
ing to the S. E. Agricultural College in great numbers on the 
roots of cabbages (fig. 12). They were kept under observation, 
and it was noticed that the gnawing of the roots and the stem at 
the ground level was due entirely to these Aptera. In some places 
the outer skin of the stems at ground level was quite gnawed away. 
Backward plants were destroyed by them, but their attack on 
well set healthy plants was very slight. 
Achorutes armatus NICOLET 
and Achorutes longispinus TULLBERG damaging plants. 
CARPENTER (1) refers to the two Achorutes mentioned above as 
doing damage to roots and seeds of healthy plants. 
The former in 1902 was recorded from County Longford, Ireland, 
as swarming over and partly devouring fruit left lying on the 
ground. 
In June 1903 he also received bean seeds eaten from the outside 
by two species (A. armatus and L. ambulans) which swarmed in 
the surrounding soil. 
In the summer of 1904 he records from County Dublin bean 
seedlings damaged by Achorutes longispinus and Lipura ambu- 
lans. 
(1) Proceedings of the Association of Economic Biologists, Vol. 1, part. 1, 
P. 14, 1905. 
