Sminthurus allied to S. viridis, an European form, but probably an 
undescribed native species, appeared in great numbers in lucerne 
paddocks in S. Australia in 1896, where they did a great deal of 
damage by eating the surface of the leaves, swarming over the fields 
in countless numbers. » 
Collembola attacking orchids. 
Species of Orchesella have been known to attack orchids (1). The 
first record (2) of damage was sent to the British Museum by a 
correspondent who stated that they not uncommonly cleared off 
the whole of the contents of a pot of seed as soon as it is was sown 
and germinated. The chief species has recently been found to be 
Orchesella cincta LINN AUS. 
They were noticed to thrive most where there was damp moss to 
dwell in; unfortunately an essential feature in orchid cultivation. 
They proved to be equally troublesome in cool houses (50° to 60° F.) 
as in hot ones (65° to 85° F.). The seed was devoured directly it 
germinated, and later they attacked the small bulblets as soon as 
they were formed, leaving only the shell. 
After the early stages they are harmless. Careful removal of all 
moss and fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas of the pots which 
may be dried for a short time will clean this pest out. 
White Springtails (Zipura ambulans LINN AUS). 
In 1904 and 1905 CARPENTER (3) stated he examined in County 
Dublin roots of kidney-beans badly gnawed by Lipuræ and a few 
Achorutes. In 1906 CARPENTER (4) recorded damage by this white 
Springtail in April from County Armagh to roots of garden flowers 
and succulent vegetables. 
In County Dublin CARPENTER (5) records this species in 1907 as 

(1) F. V. THEOBALD, Second Report on Economic Zoology (Brit. Mus.), 
P 76, 1904. q 
(2) F. V. THEOBALD First Report on Econ. Zool. (B. M.), pp. 10-112, 1903. 
(3) G. H. CARPENTER, Zconomic Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society. 
I, pt. 6, p. 293, 1905. (Plate XXVI A.) 
(4) Zbidem, I, pt. 8, p.-340, 1906. 
(5) Zbidem, I, pi P. 442, 1907. 
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