Transportation by ship and train. 
From various sources we learn of this insect being found both 
on ships and in trains. It is certain that by this means it has gained 
its wide distribution. DURHAM (1901), writing in connection with 
this insect in Pará, reports : « All ship's captains are agreed 
that Gnats come on board with the advent of lighters, and the men 
on the tenders complain of the abundance at night when lying 
close to the wharfs. The species found on the lighters were town 
kinds : Stegomyia fasciata and Culex fatigans >. 
« Investigation of a number of lighters at Para showed that 
S. fasciata larva were present here and there in the bilge water 
of the covered lighters. Open lighters were free, but this was due 
to their being used for coal, and having a thin tarry film over the 
water ». 
BALFOUR (1909) says concerning Nile steamers : « No sooner did 
a steamer with its barges tie up, and the hatches were removed 
than a black cloud of Mosquitoes emerged and sought breeding 
places ashore. The majority proved to be Stegomyia calopus ». 
This is speaking of the river steamers on the Nile coming from 
240 miles south of Khartoum on the White Nile, and similar 
steamers from the Blue Nile were also found to be laden with 
S. fasciata. 
Another important piece of evidence is that of Dr. CUMMINGS of 
the United States Marine Hospital Service; he reported that a 
Spanish barque, 65 days from Rio de Janeiro, arrived at the South 
Atlantic Quarantine Station carrying a veritable plague of Mos- 
quitoes, most all of which were Stegomyia fasciata. According to 
the Captain's statement, they had been on board only 43 days, 
quantities of larva were found in the tanks. 
Pregnant females are now known to travel long distances. 
I have received specimens taken on liners in the Suez Canal, 
other cases of this insect being found on board ships in the East 
are quoted in the distribution lists. 
In fact it seems quite a common thing for this domesticated Gnat 
to travel with man on board ship. This is a very important matter 
to notice, for in this way the Yellow Fever Mosquito in still being 
spread from place to place. It has been through this means of trans- 
