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have also had a system of reporting the occurence of Insect-pests; 
in all districts, the responsible officers were asked to report pests 
and send specimens; this is done but in a peculiar manner; in a 
group of villages a pest will occur say on paddy; this is reported, 
with a view to revenue remission; probably a subordinate native 
official remembering the orders sends a man out with a bottle of 
spirit to get some of it; if he is a careful man he goes himself, but in 
many cases he sends in whatever his ignorant constable catches; 
this goes up with a report and eventually reaches the Department. 
In addition to this, which experience has taught us to accept with 
caution, we have now a number of trained men actually investigat- 
ing what the pests are, and we have secured the interest and 
help of many English and well-educated native officials, of mis- 
sionaries, planters, business men and others. We get a stream of 
reports and specimens, and we are ourselves constantly investigat- 
ing. We now know a great deal, we think we know all the major 
pests and many minor ones, and though we occasionally get new 
ones, the list of pests attached is probably fairly accurate (corrected 
departmental list is attached). 
The ‘next thing is the life-history. This is worked out in the 
insectary at Pusa, then checked wherever it occurs and worked 
out for the different seasons. With this comes the question of 
hibernation, parasites, influence of climate, seasonal occurrence, etc. 
We are seeking to find what conditions produce outbreaks, but it 
must be years before we can make much progress for so diverse a 
country as India. Nevertheless we are making steady progress all 
the time and for many species we have accurate information for 
the whole year, for the whole of India. At the same time we con- 
sider the question of remedies; this is so much a matter of local 
conditions that it is largely the work of the men stationed in the 
different parts of India who alone can thoroughly know and study 
local conditions. If it were a question for instance of spraying, we 
could at Pusa work out the best method and we always test and 
work out methods at Pusa. But when it comes to checking a pest 
by burning stubble or preventing hibernation or using trap crops, 
it must be worked out on the sport with regard to local agricultural] 
practices. In India, the conditions of land tenure make it a matter 
of necessity that cooperation must be secured in the simplest pro- 
tective action against crop pests; it is not a question of farms or of 
landowners. We have to deal with people growing crops on little 
holdings of an acre or two, and where the unit elsewhere might be 
