— 480 — 
agricultural tracts. Such trees are valuable now chiefly for fire- 
wood, and the lac crop in no way interferes with this. As in Eri 
silk, we now offer a short course of training at Pusa, but as soon 
as lac cultivation on these lines spreads, we shall probably transfer 
this work to the various provincial centres, as is being done with 
Eri silk. 
Bee-keeping is an Insect industry that has been very little 
developed, but it is probably suited only to the hill tracts of India 
and so comes less into our sphere than into the sphere of the 
Forest Department. Progress is being made with it in one province, 
but not in India generally. 
A subject in which this Conference should be interested is that 
of legislation for preventing the entry of pests from other coun- 
tries. One of us has dealt with that subject in the West Indies 
(« West Indian Bulletin », vol. III); in India, the climatic condi- 
tions are so adverse, the agricultural conditions so different that 
we do not fear Insect introductions quite to the same extent that 
some other countries do. 
In conclusion, we may point out that we are only beginning and 
our aim is to lay the foundations surely and well and to provide 
for expansion as the different lines of work show their value. We 
cannot pretend to deal with a country so vast as India, with its 
enormous stretches of land and its 180 million agriculturists, by 
means of a staff of thirty odd men. But compared with 1903, when 
there was one man with an artist and a setter, we have made pro- 
gress, and it is from that point of view we must take it. We have tried 
to describe also what may interest this Congress, the development 
of an entomological Section that had so to speak a clean sheet, a 
free field, no competition, no varied institutions doing bits here 
and there; imagine taking a new country with a vast and organ- 
ised system of Government supervision of a very paternal kind, 
in what way would one work in entomology as an applied subject, 
what lines would one take up, what lines would one omit? To have 
one organisation, even a small one, with which to cover a country 
in which nothing was done at all, in which no entomology but 
systematic work had been done, and with that to make ento- 
mology an applied subject, makes one dreám dreams, but we have, 
we think, followed natural lines, and have had little time to dream. 
First the pest, what he is, his life-history, his hibernation and his 
checks; then to try remedies not in one place but wherever oppor- 
tunity arises; then to be ready for an outbreak, to adapt the cam- 
