black and white females of Planemas and, through them, their 
Acræine, Nymphaline, Elymniine and Papilionine mimics have 
been greatly influenced by the black and white species of the 
African Danaine genus Amauris. 
The black and fulvous pattern of the male Planemas is almost 
certainly ancestral, and the appearance in the females of black and 
white — a pattern unusual in the Acreíne — has probably been 
brought about by the influence upon selection of the dominant 
Danaines, as indeed the present writer suggested in 1897 (« Report 
Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Toronto Meeting », 1897, pp. 689-691). 
In this sense the models of Combination II may be considered 
as mimics, their mimics as secondary, and the mimics of their 
mimics as tertiary. But the resemblance of female Planemas to 
Amauris niavius is rough, while that of the mimics to the female 
Planemas is strong and precise, so that I have preferred to treat 
the Combination as a separate category with the Planemas for its 
primary models. And I have no doubt that the white-barred forms 
of Elymnias phegea are somewhat outlying members of this Com- 
bination. They even exhibit traces of the Planema-like brown 
triangle at the base of the hind wing under surface. The indication 
of this characteristic feature cannot be doubted, vague and indis- 
tinct as it is, in common with Elymniine mimicry in general (1). 
No other mimics belonging to Combination II had been received 
from Dr. WIGGINS when Mr. NEAVE’s paper was written. Coloured 
figures of nearly all the forms recorded in Table II are given in 
Mr. ELTRINGHAM’s work. 
The two primary Planema models of Combination II. 
The female of P/. macarista was far more abundant than that 
of Pl. alcinoe, the numbers being 39 to 11. The patterns of the two 
models are remarkably alike and, upon the wing or in the resting 
position at a little distance, would be indistinguishable. Without 
further enquiry it isimpossible to decide whether either species has 
(1) An excellent account of the «sketchy » mimicry, that is characteristic 
of the Æ/ymniinæ, Oriental as well as African, is given by H. ELTRINGHAM 
. (« Mimicry in African Butterflies », p. 50). 
