accompanied by a marked diminution in the depth of the black 
ground-colour, a diminution which renders distinct 3 black spots 
below the cell of the fore wing. These spots, although distinct on 
the under surface of the male, are, on its upper surface, barely dis- 
tinguishable from the dark ground-colour. The general result ot 
all these changes is to produce a pattern which, in its delicate 
translucency, in the gradual melting of the light markings into 
the dark ground-colour, especially in the hind wing, and in the 
invasion of the fore wing by the pattern of the hind, presents a far 
closer resemblance to the carmentis female of jodutta than to the 
females of Planema macarista and Pl. alcinoe. There is further- 
more a close correspondence in size between the females of althofi 
and jodutta. On the under surface the evidence of secondary 
mimicry is even stronger; for, in addition to the changes described 
on the upper surface, the brown triangular area at the base of the 
hind wing of the male is almost lost and the pronounced black 
spots reduced in number and size. The result is to produce a close 
resemblance to this element in the pattern of the carmentis female. 
The basal markings of the hind wing under side of the male 
A. althoffi would, if retained in the female, have produced a 
likeness to the two female Planemas, and the change in the direc- 
tion of their mimic has involved a departure from the pattern of 
these primary models. 
The single yellow-marked example (August 24th : Table II), which 
is an evident mimic of the male A. jodutta, possesses a pattern 
similar to that of the two white-marked females, save for the sup- 
pression of the linear marking in the cell of the fore wing, a 
change which renders the mimicry of jodutta still more complete. 
The strong and obvious resemblance of this yellow-marked female 
to the non-mimetic male of jodutta affords further evidence that 
the white females mimic the females of the same species rather 
than the primary models of Combination II. 
The 8 fulvous females of A. althoffí are also better mimics of 
the Zellus-like female of A. jodutta than of Planema tellus itself. 
The two former agree in the shade of the fulvous markings, which 
is deeper than that of the Planema. In the spotting at the base of 
the hind wing under surface the female althofi is a good mimic 
of both tellus and jodutta, although somewhat better of the latter 
with its smaller spots, a fact which is all the more significant 
because of the relatively large size of the spots in the male altho, 
to which attention has been already directed. 
33 
