6 LYCAINID &. 
differen( genera. The eyes are notched on the inner margin to give room for the sockets 
in which the bases of the antenne are inserted ; they do not rise above the general contour 
of the surface of the head; they are sometimes quite naked, sometimes have a portion 
at least of their surface sparsely covered with short exceedingly delicate hairs; the use 
of these hairs is quite unknown. The antenne, including the club, are straight, usually 
formed of very distinct white-ringed joints. The antennz are very variable in length, in many 
Indian genera they are considerably less than half the length of the costa of the forewing ; in the 
majority they are about equal to half the length of the forewing, in very few are they more 
than half the length. The club of the antennz is most variable ; in the majority of the genera 
it is well-formed, in Amdlypfodia there is hardly any thickening towards the apex of the 
antenne however, and in many others the swelling is very slight and gradual. The 
antennze do not seem to serve to separate groups with sufficient exactness, though the Amdly- 
podia group are generally characterised by short antenne, gradually incrassated from base 
to tip without a distinct club. The palpi are perhaps even more variable than the antennee. 
They are smallest of all in Ziphyra, very small indeed in Rapala, then gradually increasing 
in length till a maximum is reached in Zoxura and Yusoda. They often vary in length 
in the sexes ; when this is the case, they are always longer in the female than in the male, 
The maxillz or haustella of the Zycenide are very short ; asa rule the butterflies do not 
live much on the honey of flowers, so have no use for a long trunk. 
The larve and the eggs of the Zycexide are distinctive, and their special forms, &c., 
correlated to the peculiar features of the imago, denote the reality of the Zycenide asa 
well-defined and separate family of the Khopalocera, though some species of the Lemontide 
are obviously closely allied to the Zycenide in all stages ; indeed Mr. S. Scudder unites the 
two families, as I learn, from the first parts of his most exhaustive and magnificent work, 
“The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada,” which have just reached me. 
It is probably in the characters of the earlier stages of the Zycenide that success in a tho- 
roughly satisfactory classification of the family may best be sought ; but the materials at 
our disposal are not yet sufficient for this to be attempted at present. In the order in which 
I have arranged the Indian genera, I have striven to place them in as natural a sequence 
as possible, judging from the facres and structure of the imagines, but I am painfully conscious 
that my efforts in this direction have only met with partial success. 
Mr. W, Doherty, who has devoted much time and attention to the study of the eggs 
of butterflies, has divided the family Zycenide into several subdivisions, chiefly based on 
their structure, the diagnoses of which I give below :— 
“ LYCANIDZ.—Eggs hard, small, numerous, much wider than high, reticulate, with a 
whitish, calcareous (?) accretion, forming an asymmetrical network of tetragons.” 
“ Subdivisions of the Lycenide.”’ 
« Amblypodine.—Egg at least half as high as wide, convex above, widest well above 
the base, with numerous delicate intersecting ridges bearing acute spines at their crossing,” 
“* Deudorigine.—Egg similar, with short truncate spines.” 
“ Thecline.—Egg fully half as high as wide, convex above, widest close to the base, 
with coarse, minutely vesicular reticulations, forming -large irregular pits over the surface, 
and bearing broad, depressed tubercles at their intersection.”’ 
“ Tycenine.—Egg less than half as high as wide, concave above, “turban-shaped” (as 
Mr. Scudder calls it), widest above the middle, reticulations coarse and asymmetrical.” 
 Poriting.—Egg hexahedral, otherwise similar. This is the only egg known to me 
that is not round in horizontal section.’ 
“ Gerydine.—Egg less than one-third as high as wide, delicately and sometimes obso- 
lescently reticulate, sometimes carinate, flat above and below.” (Doferty, Journ, A. S. B., 
vol, lv, pt. 2, p. 110, 1886.) 
