LYCAENID Zé. Il 
to go towater, nor does either sex visit flowers. The genus Chrysophanus, Hiibner, the 
species of which are called “Coppers” in England, are mostly found in meadows, and have 
a short jerky rather quick flight. In India they occur only in the Western Himalayas. 
Sexual dimorphism does not appear to obtain to any great extent in the Zycenide, though 
in the genus Zephyrus, Dalman, Mr. J. H. Leech records that one Japanese species, 
Z. japonica, Murray, has four distinct forms of females with numerous intergrades between 
them, In India I do not know positively of any species of Zycenide that is sexually dimorphic, 
though I strongly suspect that this phenomenon occurs in Zefhyrus birupa, Moore, one form 
of its female having been described as a distinct species under the name of Z. ziha, Hewitson. 
Seasonal dimorphism obtains to a very great extent, but has hitherto remained quite 
unrecognised in the Oriental region. Mr. W. H. Edwards in North America has worked out 
the subject fully with regard to Lycena (Cyaniris) pseudargiolus, Boisduval and Leconte, 
which not only has distinct winter, spring, and summer forms, but has local races also 
which have developed seasonal forms of their own. In India the seasonal forms seem to be 
chiefly restricted to two, a wet and a dry, but in Sikkim the dry-season form which occurs 
at the end of the year differs somewhat from the dry-season form which occurs in the spring, 
so that with regard to some species there may be said to be three forms—a spring, a wet-season, 
and a winter form. Seasonal dimorphism, according to my own observations, occurs in India 
in the genera named below, but I feel sure that if collectors would devote a little time and 
attention to the matter, many other hitherto unexpected facts of this nature would be 
discovered. 
Genera of Lndian Lycenide in which seasonal dimorphism occurs, 
Neopithecops. Niphanda, Aphneus. 
Taraka. Everes. Ticherra, 
Megisba. Nacaduba. Cheritra. 
Chilades. Lampides. Horaga. 
Cyaniris. Catochrysops. Loxura, 
Zizera, Castalius. Yasoda, 
Mimicry amongst the Zycenide@ is a subject which I believe has never been broached, 
though doubtless it occurs to a considerable extent. Unfortunately, I have not studied the 
matter, and can give no facts of my own observing. Mr. W. Doherty, who is, I believe, the 
only one who has made any researches in the matter, has given me the following table. It 
must be remembered that the mimicry is shewn by the markings of the underside, the butter- 
flies requiring protection when at rest ;— 
Protected genera, ae Mimicing genera. 
Neopithecops, Distant. Gees by a Cyaniris, Dalman, and a Logania 
Pithecops, Horsfield. ot vas (substrigosa, Moore). 
Yasoda, Doherty, MS. 
Loxura, Horsfield. 
Drupadia, Moore. 
Biduanda, Distant. s° oe 
Cyaniris, Dalman, of the group of more ort 
as for instance Zooxylides tharis, Hiibner, by 
Neocheritra gama, Distant. 
one oon 
Eooxylides, de ats. t {03s for by Mr. Doherty’s division Thecline, 
pines by Avaotes, Doherty, MS., possibly by 
Poritia, Moore, and by the 7hecline. 
Mimicked by Chézaria, Moore, and some species 
Kollar. Probably several species are more or 1 of Tajuria, Moore. 
less protected. 
Lampides elianus, Fabricius (possibly) and ce} 
elZpis, Godart (probably) with its allies and re- duval. 
presentatives, 
{Maia by species of the genus Arhofala, Bois- 
With regard to protective resemblance, which is akin to mimicry, Mr. Pryer makes the 
following interesting remarks :—‘‘ The upper and undersides of the wings [in the Lycenide] 
are utterly different, presenting a startling contrast. This is of great service to them as a 
protection from their numerous enemies. I have often watched a dragon-fly attempt to catch 
one of the Blues, but never saw a capture made; when in flight the Blue at a distance 
presents only the impression to the eye, of a blue substance moving along irregularly, but if 
viewed closer the rapid irregular flight of the insect brings alternately into view, greyish-white 
and blue (or brown in the female). The dragon-fly makes a succession of dashes at his prey, 
which, if hard pressed, will settle with closed wings, presenting an entirely new appearances 
