82 LYCNID, LYCANA. 
first species, Z. galathea, Blanchard, has the blue coloration extending nearly up to the margin 
of the forewing in the male, the margin is narrowly black. The second species, Z. metallica, 
Felder, is considerably smaller than Z. ga/athea, and has the blue coloration of the upperside 
of the forewing confined to the basal two-thirds of the wing, leaving a well-defined black border 
beyond. The third species, Z. omphissa, Moore, has the blue coloration of the male on the 
upperside still more confined to the base of the forewing, leaving a black border beyond, but 
ill-defined ; it is also a larger species than Z. metallica, and the blue colour is of a much more 
purple shade and is less shining. 
665. Lycwna galathea, Blanchard. 
L. galathea, Blanchard, Jacquemont’s Voy. dans l’Inde, vol. iv, Zoologie-Insectes, p. 21, n. 17, pl.iInsectes, 
figs. 5,6, male (1844); Polyommatus galathea, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 271, n. 66; idem, id., 
Scien. Res. Second Yarkand Mission, Lep., p. 6, n. 23 (1879); Polyommatus nycula, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc, 
Lond., 1865, p. 503, n. 101, pl. xxxi, fig. 3, male ; id., Lang, Ent. Month, Mag,, vol. v, p. 37 (1868) ; Lycena 
nycula, Staudinger, Ex. Schmett., p. 272, pl. xciv, made (1888). 
HasitTaT : Pangi, Kashmir, Kunawar, Kulu, Narkunda. 
Expanse: 6, 1°4 (Blanchard), 1°3 to 16; $, 1°3 to 1°6 inches. 
DESCRIPTION: MALE. “ UPPERSIDE, doth wings deep cerulean blue, with the margin 
black. UNDERSIDE, /orewing cinereous with a fascia of black dots circled with white. 
Hindwing pale greenish adorned with white dots.” 
“This butterfly is of a beautiful azure slightly violaceous-blue on the UPPERSIDE of both 
wings, with a broad black border. Cil/ia white with a single greyish border. UNDERSIDE, 
forewing cinder-grey, darker towards the margins than at the base ; a black spot bordered with 
white at the end of the discoidal cell, and between this spot and the margin is a transverse 
series of dots or small spots more or less rounded, black and circled with white; these 
spots are six in number, Hindwing very pale green, a little coppery, with a small white 
crescent-spot towards the end of the discoidal cell, and beyond a transverse very sinuous 
series of small rounded spots, to the number of seven, of a whitish colour, and ill-defined. 
Body covered with bluish-grey hairs on the upperside, with white hairs on the underside,” 
FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings smoky black. Cilia white. Forewing with three increas- 
ing quadrate orange spots towards the anal angle. Hindwing with three, four or five very 
large almost quadrate (their anterior ends rounded) orange spots on the outer margin. UNDER- 
SIDE, forewing marked like the male, but with two orange spots (the lower one germinated) 
at the anal angle. Hindwing marked like the male. The orange spots on the upperside are 
larger than in any species of Lyce@na known to me. 
“This Zycena is near to L. cyllarus, Fabricius, [? Rottenburg, which occurs in parts of 
Europe, Northern and Western Asia and Amurland], but can easily be distinguished by the 
spots on the outer margin of both wings, also by the green coppery colour which is spread over 
the entire surface of the hindwing. Mr. Jacquemont collected a single male specimen in 
Kashmir.” (Blanchard, |. c.) 
This very beautiful species is by no means common in Kashmir, where it has been taken by 
Mr. J. H. Leech and myself in June and July in several places ; Mr. Robert Ellis has taken it in 
Pangi in considerable numbers in July; it has been taken by Dr. T. C. Jerdon at Goolmerg in July 
and August, 1867, and Dr. F. Stoliczka obtained it as late as August 1oth at Sonamerg, Kashmir. 
Mr. Ellis obtained a rather curious aberration at Pangi, in which the blue coloration of the 
upperside (of a male) is much darker than usual, and is confined to the basal two-thirds of 
the wings. In many specimens the metallic green of the hindwing on the underside is found on 
the apex and less broadly on the outer margin of the forewing also. Typical Z. galathea is 
confined apparently to the damp richly-wooded portions of Kashmir and the neighbouring 
states at from 7,000 to 12,000 feet elevation. Iam, however, obliged to include Z. mycula, 
Moore, with this species, a step which considerably adds to its easterly range: this form 
has been taken within 40 miles of Simla, and by Mr. P. W. Mackinnon plentifully in 
