LYCAENID. LYCAINA. 8&5 
Mant. Ins., vol. ii, p. 75, mn. 696 (1787); Hesperia hylus, id., Ent. Syst., vol. iii, pt., 1, p. 300, n. 136 (1793) 5 
Scolitantides hylus, Butler, Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p, 167, n, 1 (1869); Papilio baton, Bergstrisser, Nomencl., 
vol. ii, p. 18; vol. iii, pl. Ix, figs. 6—8 (1779) : Lycena baton, Elwes, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond, 1881, p. 8893; id.» 
Lang, Butt. of Eur., p. 109, n. 14, pl. xxiv, figs. 2, male and female (1884) ; Papilio hylactor, Bergstrasser, |. c-, 
vol. ii, pl. xlvii, figs. 7, 8 (1779) ; Papilio amphion, Esper, Schmett., vol. i, pt. 2, pl. liii, fig. x (1780) ; pl. lxxix, 
fig. 3 (1782) ; Polyommatus vicrama, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 505, n- 105, pl. xxxi, fig. 6, 
Semale ; Scolitantides cashmirensis, Moore, |. c., 1874, p. 272, n. 69 ; id., Butler, }. c., 1880, p. 408, n. 13. 
HapsitTaT: Central and South-Eastern Europe, Western Asia (Zang); Askold, Vladivos- 
tock ( Z/wes) ; Afghanistan, Baltistan, Ladak, Kashmir, Lahoul, Kunawur. 
EXPANSE: 6, ‘83 to 1'2; 92, ‘92 to I'12 inches. 
DEscRIPTION: ‘‘ MALE. UpPerRSIDe, both wings dull greyish-blue, exterior margins 
brown. Cié/ia broad, white, with brownish spots. UNDERSIDE, doth wings greyish cream-colour, 
exterior margins defined by a black line. forewing with a medial discoidal spot, another 
closing the cell; a series of spots recurving transversely from costa to posterior margin, and a 
submarginal row of spots black, each encircled with white. Aindwing with thirteen white- 
encircled black spots, and a marginal double row of red-interspaced black lunules. Cz/ia as 
above. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings bluish-purple brown, marked as in male.” (AdZoore, 
l. c. of Polyommatus vicrama.) 
‘*An uncommon species; to be seen flitting from flower to flower on moist meadow- 
land fed by streams from melting snow-beds. Chini in Middle Kunawur, and the Alps above 
the Chinese village of Shipkee in Thibet, are the localities ; May, June, and July the season.” 
(Note by Colonel A. M. Lang, R.E.) 
As far as Indian specimens of Z. Zylas are concerned, I find that within rather narrow 
limits it is a variable species. The underside varies slightly from whitish to grey, and 
consequently the white rings round the black spots are more prominent in some specimens than 
in others ; the spots also vary in number, in some specimens there are two spots close together 
in the middle of the cell, one below them in the submedian interspace, and the discal series 
of spots has an additional spot on the costa, in all three more spots than the normal comple- 
ment; the spots of the discal series on the forewing are sometimes rounded, sometimes 
somewhat quadrate, and on the upperside the marginal palish lunules on the forewing and the 
dusky marginal spots on the hindwing are sometimes present, sometimes absent. All these 
differences are but slight, and on the whole I consider Z. Ay/as to be a fairly constant species- 
Mr. Moore describes one form of the species under thename Z. cashmirensis as below.* This 
description is not comparative either with his Z. wicrama or the parent form Z. hylas. Compar- 
ing the descriptions of Z. vicrama and L. cashmurensis I find the following differences noted :— 
L. vicrama. L. cashmirensis. 
1. Upperside, both wings, with no disco-cellularlunule. | Upperside, both wings, with a disco-cellular lunule. 
2. Upperside, forewing, with no marginal whitish Upperside, forewing, with marginal whitish lunules ; 
lunules ; hindwing with no marginal black spots. hindwing with marginal black spots. 
3. Upperside, both wings, veins not blackish. Upperside, both wings, veins blackish. 
4. Underside, both wings, black spots white-encir- | Underside, both wings, black spots not white-encir- 
cled. cled. 
5. Underside, both wings, ground-colour greyish- Underside, both wings, ground-colour pale cream 
cream colour, colour. 
* Lycena cashmirensis, Moore. Scolitantides cashmirensis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 272, 
n. 69; id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 408, n. 13. HasitatT: Sonamerg, N.-E. Kashmir ; 
Kandahar. ExpaNnsE: Male, 1‘1; female, 1:12 inches. DescripTION: ‘“‘ MALE, UPPERSIDE, doth wings pale 
greyish-blue, slightly glossed with purple, veins blackish, a black disco-cellular lunule, anda blackish exterior 
margin, the latter bordered inwardly by whitish lunules, which are most prominent on the margin of the Aind- 
wing, where they encircle a series of black spots. Cz//a alternately white aud black. UNbeErsIDE, both wings 
pale cream-colour. Horewzng with a pale black exterior marginal series of narrow spots, a decreasing submarginal 
series of darker spots, anirregular discal series of quadrate black spots, a disco-cellular spot, two spots within 
the cell anda small spot below it, disposed in a triangle. Aindwing with a marginal double row of black 
spots, which are joined together by an intervening parallel series of bright orange spots, a curved discal series 
of seven rounded black spots, three spots on anterior margin, a disco-cellular lunule, and two [or three] small 
subbasal spots. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings dark fuliginous black, with a purplish gloss and blue scales 
scattered from the base.” 
* Allied to S. [= Z.] hvlas, Wiener Verzeichniss, and to S. vicrama, Moore,” (Moore, 1. c.) 
“Very common here [Kandahar] at the end of May and in June, but was rather local in Kashmir.” (Vote 
by Major Howland Roberts-) 
