86 LYCAINIDA. LYCAENA. 
After a careful examination of a very large series of specimens of Z. Ay/as obtained in the 
Western Himalayas, I cannot find that the points of supposed difference between these two 
species holds good ; there are infinite slight gradations which link the two forms together, and 
these again to the European L. Ay/as. 
L. hylas has a wide range in India, occurring to the eastward in Upper Kunawur, where 
Colonel Lang took it as high as 14,000 feet elevation above Shipkee. To the westward it is 
found as far as Kandahar. It does not appear to occur on the outer ranges of the Himalayas, 
though it is fairly common on the inner ranges in Kashmir, Baltistan, Ladak, &c., usually 
from 6,000 to 10,000 feet elevation, and always where a small-leaved prickly bush grows, on 
which its larva probably feeds, It differs a good deal in size. Colonel Lang’s specimens from 
Upper Kunawur and Thibet, described as P. vicrama by Mr. Moore, and taken at a very great 
elevation, are very small, but I possess others taken much lower in Pangi and Ladak which 
are no larger. ‘The markings of the underside are very prominent, and the spots vary in 
number but slightly. Mr. Moore, however, states that his Z. cashmirensis has three spots 
near the base of the forewing on the underside disposed in a triangle. Ihave been able, out 
of the large series of this species before me, to discover only one pair, taken by myself in Ladak, 
which has these three spots ; in all the other specimens I possess from very widely-sepa- 
rated localities the upper of the two spots in the cell and the one beneath the cell is absent. 
This character is evidently a trivial one and may be disregarded. 
The seventh and last group contains three Indian species which have quite a distinct facies 
from all the other Indian Zycene, being fuscous on the upperside in both sexes, irrorated with 
metallic greenish scales at the base, and with prominent markings. The Indian species are allied 
to L. pyrenaica, Boisduval, a Pyrenees species, and to Z. orbitulus, De Prunner, which occurs 
on the Swiss Alps and in the Tyrol, also on the Pyrenees, and has many described local races or 
allied distinct species from Lapland, the high mountains of Northern and Central Asia ; and 
from Colorado, California, Washington Territory in America, and the Arctic region. As Mr. 
H. J. Elwes says :—‘* The distribution of the forms of this species [Z. orbitulus] at many 
isolated points in the high alpine and arctic regions of the Palzarctic and Nearctic region is 
very curious, and worthy of a more detailed study.* Our first species, Z. jaloka, Moore, 
occurs in Kashmir. The figure of it is so bad, and the description is insufficiently minute and 
precise, and is entirely non-comparative, so that I am doubtful even if it belongs to this group. 
I assume, however, that it does so, differing, as faras I can gather from the description, from the 
two other species on the underside of the hindwing in having no discal series of white spots, 
and from Z. /ee/a, de Nicéville, in having no spot in the middle of the cell on the underside of 
the forewing. The second species, Z. e//isi, Marshall, occurs in Pangi and the adjoining 
Sanch Pass, and has the spots on the underside of the forewing entirely white. The third 
species, Z. /eela,t de Nicéville, occurs in Ladak, is larger than Z. e//isi, has the spots on 
the underside of the forewing centred with black, and an additional spot in the discoidal cell. 
669. Lycena jaloka, Moore. 
Polyommatus jaloka, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 573, pl. Ixvi, fig. 3, male. 
HABITAT : Rajdiangan Pass, Sursungar and Stakpila Passes, and Raitul, Kashmir. 
EXPANSE: 6, 2, 10 inch. 
DESCRIPTION: “ MALE. UPPERSIDE, Jo/h wings shining greenish-blue basally, outer 
margins bluish-purple, with a distinct black pale-bordered disco-cellular spot and a trans- 
verse discal row of pale bluish-white spots. UNDERSIDE, forewing pale grey, with indistinct 
pale-bordered disco-cellular spot, and a transverse discal row of blackish spots. Hindwing 
white, the base powdered with metallic blue ; a broad irregular discal pale brown band enclosing 
a disco-cellular and two upper white patches. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, both wings dark pur- 
plish-brown, glossed with greenish-blue ; disco-cellular spot larger than in the male and 
+ Leela is a Hindu god ; in Hindustani it also means blue. 
