114 LYCANIDA. ZIZERA. 
695. Zizera chandala, Moore. 
Polyommatus chandala, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 504, n. 104, pl. xxxi, fig, 5 #ale*; idem, 
id., 1. c, 1874, p. 272, n. 683 Zizera chandala, Swinhoe, 1. c., 1886, p. 426, n. 43. 
Hasirat: Lower Himalayas, and plains of N.-W. India; Kashmir (A/oore); Oudh, 
Punjab, Lower Himalayas (Zang) ; Mhow, November, February, April, and May (Swinhoe). 
EXPANSE: ¢@, I‘0 inch. 
DESCRIPTION: ‘* MALE. UPpeERsIDE, doth wings dull silvery-blue, with purplish-brown 
exterior margins, UNDERSIDE, o/h wings pale grey. Forewing with a spot within the dis- 
coidal cell, a disco-cellular streak, a transverse discal linear series of six [sometimes seven] 
clear-white-encircled black spots, between which and exterior margin is a series of indistinct 
pale-bordered lunules. Anzdwing with basal and discal series of pale brown, whitish-encircled 
spots, and a marginal jrow of indistinct pale-bordered Junules. Ci/ia purplish-brown.” 
(Moore, 1. c. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865.) 
“*This is a generally-distributed species, affecting both the plains and the lower Himalayan 
valleys, occasionally ascending the mountain slopes to 6,000 feet altitude. I have taken it 
in the later autumn months in Oudh, the Punjab, and lower Himalayas.’’ (ore by Colonel 
A. M. Lang, R.E.) 
‘Mr. Moore, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 245, has put this species as asynonym of 
Z. maha, Kollar. This I think is a mistake. He had, if I recollect rightly, only two examples, 
both males, in his collection. They were quite common at Mhow ; and I found no difficulty 
in recognizing them ; they are much paler blue than Z. maha. The females are the same colour ’ 
as the males, instead of brown like Z. maha, and the underside in both sexes has very faint 
spots on the hindwing, each spot having a whitish ring round it.” (Swinhoe, 1. c.) 
I am of opinion that Mr. Moore was quite right in 1882 in sinking his Z. chandala under 
maha; Mr. Butler in 1888 also sinks chandala under maha. It is almost impossible for any 
one now to say exactly what form Kollar described as maha; not that this matters, as I have 
shown how infinitely variable this species is. Mr, Elwes very justly remarkst that he is 
“quite unable to say what are the limits and distinctive characters of these various species 
[i.¢., maha, chandala, and diluta], if they are distinct.” 
696. Zizera diluta, Felder. 
Lycena diluta, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep., vol. ii, p. 280, m 353, pl. xxxv, figs. 12, 13, male (1865) ; 
Zizera diluta, Rothney, Ent. Month. Mag., vol. xix, Pp. 35 (1882) ; id., de Nicéville, Journ. A. S. B., vol. liv, 
pt. 2, p. 46, n. 63 (1885); id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 367, n. 46; idem, id., Ann. and Mag. of 
Nat. Hist., sixth series, vol. i, p. 149, n. §4 (1888) 3; id., Wood-Mason and de Nicéville, Journ. A. S. B., vol. lv, 
pt. 2, p. 365, n. 1173 (1886), 
Hasitat: Bengal (Felder); Barrackpore (Rothney); Calcutta (de Nicéville) ; Campbell- 
pore, June, July, October; Murree, August, September ; Akhor, 22nd April ; Campbellpore, 
4th and 5th May ; Hassan Abdal, 27th June, 18th July ; Thundiani, 21st and 29th August ; 
Nandar, 25th September, 1886 (Butler) ; Silcuri, Cachar (Wood-Mason and de Nicé- 
ville). { 
EXPANSE: 6, 1'I inches (from Felder’s figures). 
DESCRIPTION: “MALE, UPPERSIDE, doth wings dilute glaucous, with the base and the 
disc glittering cyaneous blue, with a fuscous streak before the cilia. Forewing with the 
external border powdered with fuscous. indwing with the anterior margin powdered with 
fuscous and with fuscous dot-shaped spots before the margin. UNDERSIDE, oth wings most 
pale hoary-brownish, with submarginal spots arranged in a series, angulate in the forewing, 
Junulate in the hindwing, and others annular marginal inserted of that colour, and a fuscous 
disco-cellular litura, diffusely bordered with whitish. Forewing with a pair of obsolete 
subcostal spots, a pair subbasal and others exterior in a fascia blackish bordered with whitish. 
Hindwing powdered with greyish at the base, with four small basal spots and others beyond 
eee ee 
* The figure of the upperside of this species is very poor ; instead of being silvery-blue it is purplish-blue, 
a totally different shade of colour. 
+ Proc. Zool, Soc, Lond., 1881, p, 888, 
