116 LYCAENIDA. ZIZERA. 
“ A very distinct and pretty little species ; in great plenty in Bombay during September.” 
(Swinhoe, 1. c.) ‘ Common at all elevations in the Nilgiris.” (G. #. Hampson). 
In the above description Colonel Swinhoe does not say how his species differs from 
Z. maha and Z. diluta. To identify such closely-allied species, a comparative description is 
necessary. It is evidently, however, the dry-season form of Z. maha, Kollar. 
699. Zizera lysimon, Hiibner. (PLATE XXVI, Fic. 173 @). 
Papilio lysimon, Hiibner, Eur, Schmett., vol. i, pl. ev, figs. 534, 535, male (1798-1803) ; id., Ochsenheimer, 
Schmett. Eur., vol. i, pt. z, p. 24 (1808); Polyommatus lysimon, Godart, Enc. Méth., vol. ix, p. 701, n. 240 
(1823); Lycena lysimon, Hertich-Schaffer, Schmett. Eur., vol. i, p. 118, pl. v, figs. 28, 29, male and female 
(1843); id., Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep., vol. ii, p. 492, n. 93 (1852); id., Staudinger, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., 
vol. xiv, p. 239 (1878); id., Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1881, p. 888; id., Lang, Butt. of Eur., p. 
111, n. 16, pl. xxiv, figs, 3, wale and female (1884); id., Trimen, South-Afr. Butt., p. 45, n. 140 (1887) ; 
Plebeius lysimon, Kheil, Rhop. Ins. Nias, p. 30, n. 93 (1884); Lycena galba, Lederer, Verh, zool.-bot , 
Gesellsch. Wien, vol. v, p. 190, pl. i, fig. 4, made (1855) ; ZL. Anysna, Trimen, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., third 
series, vol. i, p. 282 (1862) ; idem, id., Rhop, Afr. Aus., vol. ii, p. 255, n. 156 (1866); Zisera kmysna, Butler, 
Proc, Zool. Soc, Lond., 1884, p. 484, n. 15. 
HapiTaT: South France, Spain (Andalusia and Granada), Western Asia, China, 
Africa, part of Australasia (Zazg); Asia Minor (Staudinger); Beirut, Syria (Lederer) ; 
China (Z/wes); Mauritius, Madagascar, Bengal, Java, Timor (Westwood); South, South 
Tropical, North ‘Tropical, Extra-Tropical North Africa (Z7imen) ; Aden (Zudler); Nias 
Island (hei). 
ExpANsE: @, 2,°8 to 1’0 inch (Indian specimens). 
DESCRIPTION: “ MALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings dull violet, with a silky gloss, outer 
margin rather widely bordered with blackish. Ci/éa broad, whitish. Forewing, costa very 
narrowly edged with a white line. UNDERSIDE, both wings whitish-grey, ocelli blackish, 
whitish-ringed ; a sinuate row of ocelli beyond the middle, a whitish-edged fuscous streak 
closing the discoidal cell, a distinct ocellus in the cell (sometimes an indistinct ocellus below 
it), and two rows of pale fuscous, indistinctly whitish-edged, lunular spots along outer 
margin. Hindzing, three minute ocelli near the base, forming with that in the discoidal cell 
a short row across the wing, base blackish-dusted. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings greyish- 
brown, inner marginal area more or less dusted with violet-blue from the base. Forewing, a 
fuscous line closing the discoidal cell. UNDERSIDE, oth wings quite similar to those of the 
male, but all the spots more conspicuous, especially the marginal lunular rows. Forewing, 
spot below that in the discoidal cell always present, often distinct.” (Z7zmen, 1. c. in Trans. 
Ent, Soc. Lond.) The spot below the cell on the underside of the forewing is extremely rare 
in Indian specimens, and does not occur always in the female. 
LARVA when full-fed less than half an inch in length, green, onisciform, densely covered 
with short whitish tubercles, from which spring somewhat long colourless hairs; head small, 
black, and shining ; a dorsal line of a somewhat darker shade of green than the ground, 
no other distinctive markings whatever. The usual extensile organs on the twelfth segment. 
Feeds in Calcutta on Amarantus viridis, Linneus. Dr. Augustus Forel, of Zurich, has 
identified the ant which attends the larva as Zapinoma melanocephalum, Fabricius. PUPA 
pale green,’ of the usual lyczenid shape, covered with a few short scattered colourless hairs. 
The transformations of this species appear to be here described for the first time. 
From the list of localities inhabited by this species given by entomologists, it will be 
seen how great is its range. To these localities I add the outer Himalayas at low elevations, 
throughout continental and peninsular India, Ceylon, Assam, and the Nicobar Islands ; but 
not, as far as is known, in the Andaman Isles or Burma, though it probably occurs in the latter 
region, as Mr. Butler records it under the name of Z. harsandra from the Malay Peninsula. 
As in the case of Z. maha, I have not added to the synonymy of Z. Zysimon the different 
names by which the latter, in my opinion, has been discriminated in India, preferring to 
give descriptions of them with remarks by various writers separately, As usual, there appears 
to be a good deal of seasonal dimorphism in this species. Male specimens taken in Calcutta 
