LYCAINID. ZIZERA, 117 
in the dry-season have the outer black margin on the upperside of both wings very narrow, 
while those occurring in the rains have it fully if not more than twice as broad 3; this 
variation has been remarked also by Mr. Trimen in South African specimens. The females 
are very variable too—~some being entirely black, others having a great deal of blue on the 
upperside. The underside of both sexes varies in the tint of the ground and _in the intensity of 
the markings, but, as long as the markingsare visible at all, the species cannot be mistaken 
for any other. In some specimens found in the height of the dry-season, the markings of the 
underside are quite obliterated. 
The figure shows both sides of a female specimen in my collection from Bholahat, Malda. 
7oo, Zizera Earsandra, Moore. 
Polyommatus karsandra, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 505, n. 106, pl. xxxi, fig. 7, female; ids, 
Wood-Mason and de Nicéville, Journ. A. S. B., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 235, n. 42 (1881); Lycena karsandra,* Felder, 
Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xviii, p. 282 (1968) ; id., Butler, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Zoology, 
second series, vol. i, p. 548, n.3 (1877); Zisera harvsandra, Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 79, pl. xxxv, figs. 6, 
6a, male (1881); id., Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 213, n. 2, pl. xxii, fig. 22, made (1884); id., Swinhoe, Proc, 
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 506, n. 24; idem, id., I, c., 1885, p. 132, n. 59; idem, id., Trans, Ent. Soc, Lond., 
1885, p. 341, n. 23; id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p, 367, n. 47; id., Swinhoe, 1. C., p. 426, n. 44; id., 
Doherty, Journ. A.S. B., vol. lv., pt. 2, p. 133, n. 178 (1886). 
HapitatT: Plains of N.-W. India (Acore) ; Ceylon (Felder and Moore); Karachi, 
April and May, August, November and December; Poona, September to April ; Bombay, 
August ; Sattara, November ; Ahmednuggur, August to November ; Metazai, South Afghanis- 
tan, May; Mhow, October to May; Quetta, Sukkur, Punjab, Aden (Swinhoe) ; Penang 3 
Campbellpore, May and June, Murree, October (Buéler) ; Ranibagh, Bagheswar, I—4,000 
feet, Kumaon (Doherty); Kamorta, Nicobar Isles (Wood-Mason and de Nicéville). 
EXPANSE: 9, °83 inch. 
DESCRIPTION: FEMALE. “UPPERSIDE, both wings purple-brown. UNDERSIDE, doth 
wings greyish-brown, exterior margins defined by a brown line. Forewing with a spot within 
discoidal cell, a disco-cellular streak, a spot above it, and a transverse discal series of six spots 
black, each encircled with white; a marginal and submarginal row of pale brown, white- 
bordered lunules. AHindwing with a series of twelve black spots, and a pale disco-cellular 
streak, encircled with white ; a marginal row of pale brown, whitish-encircled spots, and a 
submarginal row of whitish lunules. Cz/ia greyish-brown,” (AZoore, 1. c, in Proc. Zool. Soc. 
Lond.) 
** 4 common species in the plains, from Oudh to the Punjab.” (ote by Colonel A. M. 
Lang, R.E.) 
“Colombo, Ceylon; in gardens and grassy land. Almost always abundant, Hovers 
round weeds and plants, and constantly settling on the ground” (Hutchison). 
**The commonest Zycenain Karachi. It occurs in great plenty in April and May, a few 
in August, and then again in countless numbers throughout November and December.” 
(Swinhoe, 1. c., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884). 
“ This insect is very variable in colour ; the type [a female] is brown. Irrespective of sex, 
the colour varies from blue to dark brown. I have many examples from Quetta, Metazai, Suk- 
kur, Karachi, the Punjab, Central India, the Deccan, and also from Aden, of many shades of 
colour, quite impossible to separate.” (Szwinhoe, 1, c., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886). 
“The commonest Lycena in Karachi It occurs in great plenty in April and May, and 
again in countless numbers in November and December,” (Szwvzzhoe, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. 
Soc., vol. ii, p. 273, n. 27 (1887). 
Colonel Lang reports that Z. Zarsandra is ** not common in Kumaon, Taken on top of 
Cheena, 8,600 feet, on gth June ; at Bhowali, 6,500 feet, on 16th May; at Khairna, Kosi 
Valley, on 18th July, Taken also at Lucknow in November, and Bareilly in December.” 
* Felder places his Lycena brahminaasasynonym of Lycena karsandra, It really is the dry-season 
form of Chilades daius, Cramer. (See page 89, anéea.) 
