LYCANIDA. ZIZERA. 119 
and a thin, black, bounding line immediately within the cilia. AMindwing witha basal black 
spot ; before the middle a transverse row of three spots ; no metallic-centred spots near the 
anal angle.” FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings smoky-black with a slight gloss, never 
with any blue coloration towards the base. UNDERSIDE, doth wings precisely as in the male. 
**This ZLycena seems allied to Z. acca, Westwood [=Zizera messapus, Godart, from 
South and North Tropical Africa], but the wings are longer and of more delicate texture, 
and the abdomen also is more slender and elongate than in most of the genus.” (Zrimen, 
1], c. in Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond.) 
Like the two preceding species, Z. gaika has a wide range. It is a very small butterfly— 
the smallest in India—and has a feeble low flight amongst grass and herbage, and is therefore 
very likely to be overlooked ;it is probable that its range will hereafter be found to be 
considerably extended. In Calcutta, at any rate, it is distinctly rarer than any of its con- 
geners ; you may net many a Zizera of the three other species before you will find a 
single Z. gaika. Colonel Swinhoe records it from Karachi, July, not common; Bombay, 
November ; Poona, January to March ; Mhow, September to December. Mr. Moore 
records it from Ceylon, “ found in the same localities and has the same habits as Z. 
karsandra” [= lysimon|]; Mergui, March; Thapo, King Island, January; Elphinstone 
Island, March (these localities are in the Mergui Archipelago). Mr. Doherty records it 
from Ranibagh, 1,000 feet, Kumaon. To these localities I can add Simla (Dr. £. R. 
SFohnson) ; Bholahat, Malda (W. A. Lrvine) ; Sikkim (Otto Moller) ; Orissa (W. C. Taylor) ; 
Ganjam and Sirur (Z. A. Minchin) ; Bhadrachalam (che late G. Nevill) ; Ootacamund(G. /&. 
Hampson) ; the Andaman Isles (¢he late A. R. de Roepstor ff) ; and Rangoon (Phayre Museum). 
I have not given a description of Z. Aygm@a separately, as I think no one will dispute the 
fact that it is an absolute synonym of Z. gaika. 
The figure shows both sides of a female example from Ootacamund in my collection. 
703. Zizera otis, Fabricius. (PLATE XXVI, Fic. 175 g), 
Pafilio otis, Fabricius, Mant. Ins., vol. ii, p. 73, n. 689 (1787); Hesperia otis, id., Ents Syst., vol. iii, 
pt. 1, p. 296, n. 127 (1793) ; Lycena otis, Butler, Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 169, n. 7, pl. ii, figs. 8, 11 (1869) ; 
Zizera otis, Butler, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth series, vol. xviii, p. 186, n. 29 (1886); Polyommatus 
(Cupido) otis, Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 471, n. 15; Lycena lysizone, Snellen, Tijdse 
voor Ent., vol. xix, pp. 152, 161, n. 49, pl. vii, figs. 2, 2@ (1876) ; id., Butler, Trans. Linn, Soc. Lond., Zoology, 
second series, vol, i, p. 548, n. 2 (1877) ; Zizera lysizone, Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 212, n. 1, p. 197, woodcut 
no. 58, fart of neuration of forewing, pl. xx, fig. 9, male (1884). 
HasiTaT: Sheemagar, Modah, Upper Burma, December and January ; Sungei Ujong ; 
Malacca ; Penang; Singapore ; Sumatra ; Java; Northern Celebes ; Hong-Kong. 
EXPANSE: ¢, 2, °70 to ‘95 of an inch (Distant). 
DESCRIPTION: MALE. “ UPPERSIDE, 40th wings pale violaceous. Forewing with the 
costal area pale brownish, the outer margin (widest at apex) broadly dark brown. Aindwing 
with the costal area broadly pale brownish, the posterior margin (narrowing to anal angle) 
dark brownish. Cilia of both wings greyish, darker at base. UNDERSIDE, doth wings pale 
brownish-ochraceous. Forewing with a linear brown spot margined with grey at the end 
of the cell, and a curved series of six brown spots margined with grey, placed between the 
nervules, and situated midway between the end of the cell and the outer margin, the upper- 
most situated between the bifurcation of the third and fourth subcostal nervules, the sixth 
(sometimes duplex and sometimes absent) placed above the submedian nervure ; the outer 
margin darker and containing two dark waved lines. Mindwing witha linear spot at the end of 
the cell as on the forewing, and with the following series of brown spots margined with grey :— 
three near the base, two above and beyond the cell, five midway between the cell and the 
posterior margin, the first situated beneath the lower subcostal nervule, the fifth before the 
submedian nervure, and a smaller spot above the middle of the abdominal margin ; posterior 
margin darker and marked as on the forewing. ody above and beneath more or less 
concolorous with the wings. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings pale brownish, with a broad 
violaceous streak at the base, UNDERSIDE, doth wings as in the male,” 
