LYCAENID/&. ZIZERA. 124 
‘Varies much in size in different localities. I have four definite uniform sizes taken 
in four different parts of India; some are slightly paler than others, but otherwise all are 
identical. ‘The uniform manner in which almost all the different Indian species of Z2zer@ 
are marked on the wings below is very curious, Z. pygmea [=Z. gatka] has markings 
peculiar to itself, but Z. maha, Z, chandala, Z. karsandra and Z. dicreta [=decreta] 
have the spots below arranged in almost exactly the same manner, Z. sangra differing from the 
others merely in the absence of the spot inside the cell.” (Swesrhoe, 1. ¢.) 
I do not entirely agree with Colonel Swinhoe’s remarks above regarding the uniformity of 
the markings in the Indian species of Zézeva. When closely studied they are found to differ 
materially in detail, 
705. Zizera indica, Murray. 
Lycena indica, Murray, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 525, pl. x, figs. 2, male ; 3, female ; id., Butler, 
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 668, n. 17 3 Zizera indica, Moore, Lep. Cey., vol.i, p 79, ple xxxv, figs. 7, 74, 
wale (1881) ; idem, id., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 245; id., Butler, 1. c., 1883, p. 149, mn. 18; id., 
Swinhoe, l, c., 1885, p. 132, n. 58. 
HasitatT: Allahabad (Afuray); Ceylon ; N.-W. Himalayas (AZoore) ; Mhow, December 
and January ; Formosa (zi/er) ; Poona, December to June ; Ahmednuggur, June (Sw2hoe). 
EXpANSE: ¢,°75 to°83; 2, °75 to ‘92 of an inch, 
DescripTION : * MALE. UPPERSIDE, Jo¢h wings blue. Forewing with a narrow costal 
and somewhat broad hind-marginal brown border. Azxzdweng, with a similar brown border, 
broad on costa, narrow on hind-margin. UNDERSIDE, doth wings grey-brown, JSorewing, no 
spot between base and disco-cellular spot, which is brown, edged on both sides by white; a 
conspicuous discal row of six black spots, ringed with white; of these the lowest is less 
distinct and is geminated ; a double hind-marginal series of brown lunules, of which the 
inner is surmounted by whitish, and the outer edged on both sides by the same colour, Hizd- 
wing, a basal row of three spots, a disco-cellular spot, and an angulated discal row of eight 
spots, all brown, narrowly surrounded by whitish. Hind-marginal markings as on forewing. 
Cilia pale brown, unspotted. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wizgs brown, blue at base. UNDER- 
SIDE, doth wings as in the’ male.” 
“This insect seems to be very common in the neighbourhood of Allahabad, as I possess 
a considerable series, collected there by my brother. I have failed to find it anywhere 
described, and Mr, Moore has also expressed his belief that itis a new species, It belongs 
tothe Z. dystmon group. But for Mr. Moore’s repeatedly expressed opinion that this insect 
was undescribed, I should have been inclined to doubt whether it were distinct from his 
LZ. sangra.” (Murray, \. c.) 
“We are quite unable to say how Z. indica, Murray, differs from Z. sangra, Moore. 
(Wood-Mason and de Nicéville, Journ. A. S, B., vol. lv, pt. 2, p. 365, n. 112 (1886). 
There is no doubt that this species is strictly synonymous with Z. sangra, which again 
isa synonym of Z. otis, Fabricius. Colonel Swinhoe places Z. sangra and Z. indica together 
(vede Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 427, n. 47). It has nothing whatever to do with 
Z. karsandra, though Mr. Butler in the following note appears to think that it has, 
** Colonel Swinhoe separates this [Z. izdéca] into two forms, between which, however, I fail 
to see any constant difference. The speciesis very close to Lycena [=Zisera ] harsandra, 
Moore, of which I think it possible that it may be only a variety ; the ocellated marginal 
series of dusky spots on the underside of the hindwing, however, are less defined than in 
L. [= Z.] karsandra. Of the first series of specimens Colonel Swinhoe says, ‘Very common 
here [ Mhow ] in December and January ;’ and of the second, ‘Not common here, only 
eight taken in December and two in January; is smaller than any Karachi examples of 
Moore’s arsandra, and has a tinge of blue in the fresh specimens which I never observed in 
the Karachi ones.’ I must confess my inability to admit the first of these differences: 
some of the Karachi specimens which Colonel Swinhoe sent us are certainly as large as some 
of the Mhow specimens of Z, zudica; the blue spot [? shot], however, is certainly brighter 
in the latter.” 
16 
