122 LYC-ENID, AZANUS. 
706. Zizera decreta, Butler. 
Z. indica, vax. decreta, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1883, p. 150; Z. dics e/a, Swinhoe, J, c., 1886, p. 427, 
n. 45. 
Hasirat: Mhow, December and January (Bxéler) ; Mhow, October to May (Swizhoe). 
EXPANSE: ‘7 to °8 of an inch. 
DESCRIPTION : ‘Smaller and paler than Z. indica, Murray ; the discal series of black 
spots across the UNDERSIDE of the forewing always very large; the other markings badly 
defined.” 
‘*T am inclined to agree with Colonel Swinhoe that this is probably a small form of the 
preceding. It appears, however, to be a ‘very common’ one, and therefore may turn out to 
be as distinct as our Ganoris brassice and G. rape [two butterflies of the subfamily Pierine 
or ‘‘ Whites ”] are when its life-history has been studied. It is impossible to be sure, from a 
mere examination of the imago, whether a butterfly or moth is a variety ora species: 
perhaps one of the best proofs of this may be found in the Geometrid genus Eugonia 
(Ennomos auct.), where the moths differ far less than the authenticated varieties of species 
in other genera (such as Adraxas for instance), yet the larve are widely distinct both in 
form and colouring.” (Lzéler, 1.c.) 
As Colonel Swinhoe has erected this variety into a separate species, I keep it distinct ; it is 
neither better nor worse than several of the so-called ‘* species” which have preceded it, 
Genus 112.—AZANUS, Moore, (PLATE XXVI). 
Azanus, Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. 1, p. 79 (1881). 
“ FOREWING, elongated, triangular ; costa almost straight, apex acute, exterior margin oblique 
and slightly concave, zzer margin short, zzner angle acute ; costal nervure curved in its middle, 
and slightly bent before reaching the costa 3 first subcostal nervule emitted at one-third before the 
end of the cell, anastomosed to the costal nervure for a short distance near its end, secozd sub- 
costal at one-sixth, ¢#zrd and //th subcostals at the end of the cell, /ousth subcostal at one-half 
beyond and terminating at the apex ; disco-cellular nervules very slender ; [lower] discoidal nervule 
from their middle ; discotdal cell long ; second median nervule emitted before the end of the cell, 
first median at one-third before its end ; swbmedian nervure straight. HINDWING, small, short ; 
apex convex, anal angle acute, abdominal margin short ; costal nervure much curved at the base, 
extending to the apex ; first subcostal nervule emitted at one-fourth before the end of the cell ; 
disco-cellular nervules very slender ; d/scoidal nervule from their middle ; discoidal cell somewhat 
short, broad; ¢iird and second median nervules emitted fiom the end of the cell, 7vs¢ median 
at one-half before its end ; sadmedian and internal nervures straight ; no tail. Thorax robust, 
woolly; addomen short. Palpi porrect ; second joint long, laxly pilose beneath, extending half 
its length beyond the head ; third joint slender, squamose, half the length of the second. Legs 
slender, ¢arvsz five-jointed and finely spined beneath. Antenne with a prominent spatular 
club, Type, 4. #daldus, Cramer.” (AZoore, 1. c.) 
I should describe the subcostal nervules of the forewing as follows :—first emitted at 
about one-third before the end of the cell, strongly bent upwards soon after its origin and 
completely anastomosing with the costal nervure for a short distance, then free ; second much 
nearer the base of the first than to the base of the upper discoidal ; third emitted about midway 
between the apices of the cell and the wing ; what Mr. Moore calls the fourth subcostal 
nervule is the terminal portion of the subcostal nervure, which extends to the apex of the 
wing ; his fifthis the upper discoidal, which is emitted from the subcostal nervure some dis- 
tance before the apex of the cell; consequently there is no upper disco-cellular nervule ; the 
third median nervule is much bowed ; the second median nervule of the hindwing originates 
some little distance before, not at the apex of the cell, as stated by Mr. Moore, and the outer 
margin of the forewing is convex, not concave. 
But few entomological writers have used the genus Azanus ; I therefore find some difficulty 
in giving its distribution, One species certainly occurs in Somali-land and Aden, as well as in 
