LYCAINIDZE. LYC/ENESTHES. 129 
HapsitaT: Bengal (Godart and Moore) ; Cape York, Australia (Semper) ; Amboina (Felder) ; 
Malacca (Distant) ; Borneo (Douce) ; Eastern India, Orissa, Ganjam, Sikkim, Assam, Burma, 
Andaman Isles, Singapore. 
EXPANSE: @, 1°00 to 1°40; &, I*Io to 1°45 inches. 
DeEscrIPTION. “MALE. UPPERSIDE, doh wings dark purple-blue, exterior margins de- 
fined by a narrow suffused black line. Azdwing with a small indistinct black spot at anal angle, 
abdominal margin brown. UNDERSIDE, doth wings pale greyish-brown, forewing witha short 
transverse double white line at the extremity of the cell, enclosing the discal veinlet [disco- 
cellular nervules], beyond which are a transverse discal chain-like white band and an outer 
indistinct brownish submarginal anda narrow white marginal line. Afindwing with basal, 
discoidal, and a curved discal series of chain-like white bands ; an indistinct, inwardly angled, 
double-lunulated, white marginal line ; a black spot bordered above with orange-red near the 
anal angle of the exterior margin, a small white-encircled black spot on middle of abdominal 
margin, ead above brown; eyes encircled with white ; fa/fz above and beneath brown, at 
the sides white ; thorax, body, and /egs beneath white. FEMALE. UPPERSIDE, doth wings pale 
purple-brown, with a suffused bluish patch at the base ; exterior margins suffused with darker 
brown. Aindwing with an inner narrow white exterior marginal line, UNDERSIDE, doth 
wings as in the male.” (Afoore, 1. c. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865.) 
Larva when full-fed 62 of an inchin length, somewhat dark green in colour (of 
a darker shade than most lyczenid larvze), smooth and shining, the whole upper surface covered 
with minute pits to be seen only under a strong magnifying glass. The head is very 
small and retractile as usuai, and of a pale green colour, the second segment is unmarked, 
the third to sixth segments inclusive have some obscure reddish-brown dorsal blotches, the 
three following segments are unmarked, the tenth to twelfth segments have somewhat similar 
blotches to those on the third to sixth segments, but they are more distinct and darker in 
shade. There is a pale yellow lateral line just above the legs. All the segments 
are irregularly and broadly pitted at the sides ; these pits seem more or less to assume 
the form of a longitudinal subdorsal depression, below which to the lateral line the colour 
of the insect is slightly paler. The whole larva is much depressed, somewhat wider than high, 
and seems to gradually increase in breadth to the tenth segment, the last segment is almost 
as broad and rounded. The larva varies greatly in colour and markings, some being pale 
green throughout and unmarked, others again are reddish-brown throughout. It feeds, in 
Calcutta, on Nephelium Litchi, Lamb., Cassia fistula, Linneus, and Aeynea trijuga, Roxb. 
and not improbably, as it feeds on so many bushes, it will eat others. Dr. Forel identifies 
the ant which attends the larva as @cophylla smaragdina, Fabricius, the large red and 
green ant which makes immense nests of growing leaves in trees. Pufa‘4 of an inch in 
length, of the usual lyczenid shape, the tail pointed, the thorax slightly humped, and 
ending in a somewhat sharp ridge-iine on the back ; it is coloured pale ochreous, and 
bears a prominent diamond-shaped mark posteriorly. It is smooth throughout, reddish- 
brown, sprinkled with minute darker dots. 
The correct identification of this species has long puzzled entomologists. In 1866 Mr. 
Trimen doubtfully identified Godart’s Polyommatus emolus with a South African species of 
Lycenesthes (Rhop. Afr, Aust., p. 234, n. 136) ; the latter species however in 1887 he doubtless 
correctly states to be the Lycenesthes diodes of Hewitson (South-Afr. Butt., vol. ii, p. 100, n. 
170), and states that Z. dengalensis, Moore, ‘‘is almost certainly the same as Godart’s species.” 
In 1878 Mr. W. F. Kirby remarks: “I think it probable that this species [/ycenozdes, Felder, 
=bengalensis, Moore] is the true Polyommatus emolus, described by Godart as from Bengal.” 
(Ill. Diurn. Lep., p. 219, n. 1) Mr. Semper in 1879 adds to the synonymy by stating that 
the da/liston of Hiibner is almost certainly the dengalensis of Moore (Journ. des Mus. Godef., 
vol. xiv, p. 165, n. 87), Lastly, in 1878, Mr. Hewitson gives the /ycenoides of Felder as the 
same as Jengalensis (Ill. Diurn, Lep., p. 219, n. 1), but Mr. Trimen states that, ‘judging from 
Felder’s figure of the underside, and his description of the male, and Hewitson’s figure of the 
female, I consider it very doubtful whether /ycewordes can be held synonymous with Moore’s 
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