LYCANID, NIPHANDA. 131 
as wide a distribution as Z. emolus, but whereas the latter occurs in the Andaman Isles and not 
in South India and Ceylon, the former occurs in South India and Ceylon and not in the 
Andamans. Otherwise their distribution is much the same in India. The type specimen was 
taken at Avisavelle in Ceylon, Hutchison records it from ‘* Pusalawe, hills about 3,000 feet, 
forests, September,” and Wade from Kandy. I give below as a foot note* Mr. Distant’s very 
full description of the male-of this species, as Felder’s description is not very easy to follow, 
although there is no doubt that it refers to this species, as it is the only one of the genus that 
occurs in that island. 
The figure shows both sides of a male specimen from the Shevaroy Hills in my collection: 
713. Lynesthes lycambes, Hewitson. 
L. lycambes, Hewitson, Ill. Diurn. Lep , p. 220, n. 3, pl. xc, figs. 11, 12, male (1878). 
HapsitaT : North India (Hewitson). 
EXPANSE: 6, I'I5 inches. 
DESCRIPTION : MALE. ‘* UPPERSIDE, doth wings dull lilac-blue, the outer margins very 
narrowly bordered with brown. UNDERSIDE, both wings pale brown (stone-colour). Forewing 
with a spot at the end of the cell, and crossed beyond the middle by a broken band 
bordered on both sides with white, and by a double submarginal series of lunular white 
spots. Aindwing with numerous irregular linear white spots ; the usual black spot crowned 
with orange.” (Hewitson, 1. c.) 
Without consulting the type specimen it is impossible to say what this species is. As 
figured it agrees in shape with Z. /ycenina. Felder, and is probably conspecific with it. It is 
not at all unlikely that Hewitson considered Z. lycenina to be confined to Ceylon, and 
described one of its numerous varietal forms from North India as a distinct species. 
Genus 115.—NIPHANDA, Moore. (FRONTISPIECE). 
Niphanda, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 572. 
FEMALE. “WINGS, bread, strong. FoREWING, elongated, trigonal; costa arched; 
hind margin extending much beyond hindwing ; ex/erior margin slightly convex towards pos- 
terior angle ; Posterior angle acute ; median [subcostal] nervure with four branches, the second 
and fourth arising at the extremity of the cell, the third starting from the second near its 
extremity before the apex. HINDWING, arched along anterior margin; outer angle much 
rounded ; abdominal margin long and nearly straight, anal angle acute. Palpfi very lorg, 
porrect, extending much beyond the head, flattened; second joint fusiform, squamose; third 
joint slender, naked, slightly thickened vertically at the tip. Aztenne” short in the female, 
less than half the length of the costa of the forewing ; long in the male, nearly two-thirds the 
length of the costa, with a very long, slender, gradually-formed club. ‘* Bopy robust. Lecs 
slender, minutely squamose. Near to Chrysophanus,” Hiibner. (JZsore, 1. c.) MALE. Fore- 
rest ; and the subanal black spot is entirely absent in the type specimen only, but it is small in three of the 
others, large in the rest. It will thus be seen how variable is this species in a single locality, and that it is not 
advisable to describe a supposed distinct species from a single specimen of an obviously variable species 
without first consulting a considerable series to make sure that its supposed specific differences are not indi- 
vidual differences only. 
* “Mare. UppErsIDE, Jot wings lavender-blue, the margins narrowly fuscous. UNpeErsipe, doth wings 
greyish-brown, crossed by the following pale greyish linear fascie :—/orewing with two disco-cellular at the end 
of the cell, followed by two also terminating at the third median nervule, two extending from near the base 
of the third median nervule to the submedian nervure, a single one between the third and second median 
nervules, and two somewhat waved submarginal: A’ndwing with about eight arranged in pairs, the basal 
pair not extending above the middle of the cell, the two following from near the base of the second subcostal 
nervule to near the abdominal margin, the third pair very short, and bounded by the costal nervure and the 
second subcostal nervule, and the fourth pair situated between the second subcostal nervule and the second 
median nervule, and two much angulated submarginal fascia; a small brown spot margined with greyish 
beneath and at a short distance from the base of the costal nervure, and a similar spot near the base of the 
abdominal margin, a black submarginal spot with a few bluish scales and inwardly margined with ochraceous 
situated between the second and first median nervules, and a narrow transverse dark streak at the anal angle, 
Body both above and beneath more or less concolorous with the wings.” 
** Although I have somewhat minutely described the arrangement of the greyish linear fascie of the under- 
side of the hindwing belonging to a male specimen, such description must not be taken to imply that these 
markings are of a constant and invariable character, as in the small series now before me there is a slight but 
unmistakable divergence in that respect.” (D/éstant, 1. c.) 
