132 LYCANID. NIPHANDA. 
WING. more triangular than in the female ; cos/a almost straight 3 outer margin much less convex ; 
anal angle more acute. Both sexes with the costal nervure ending opposite the apex of the 
discoidal cell ; first subcostal nervule emitted at about one-third from before the apex of the 
discoidal cell, slightly bowed upwards towards the costa! nervure not far from its origin ; 
second subcostal emitted about midway between the bases of the first subcostal and of the upper 
discoidal ; Aird subcostal emitted midway between apices of cell and wing; no wfper disco- 
cellular nervule ; middle disco-cellular from upper discoidal, ina straight line with the lower 
disco-cellular, and of equal length, upright ; ower discoidal nervule from their middle ; second 
median nervule emitted some little distance before the lower end of the cell. HINDWING, 
outer margin in the male between the terminations of the costal nervure and second subcostal 
nervule straight, outwardly oblique; from the termination of the second subcostal nervute 
to the anal angle (which is very acute) also straight but inwardly oblique ; second and third 
median nerviles emitted from the end of the cell. These characters are taken from JV. cyméia, 
de Nicéville, the only species I have seen. Mr. Moore’s description of the subcostal nervules 
of the forewing is quite incomprehensible to me. 
Mr. Distant (Rhop. Malay., p. 459) does not appear to think that Miphanda is a good 
genus, as he places the type species, JV. ¢essel/ata, Moore, in the genus Zycenesthes, Moore. In 
neuration the points of difference between Zycenesthes emolus, Godart (=éaliston, Hiibner, and 
bengalensis, Moore), which is the type of the genus, and Miphanda cymbia, de Nicéville, are but 
slight. In both sexes of WV, cymdéza the first subcostal nervule of the forewing is more bent up 
towards the costal nervure than in Z. emolus ; the disco-cellular nervules in WV. cymdia are per- 
pendicular, in Z. evzolus they meet outwardly at an angle; in the hindwing in M. cymdia the 
disco-cellular nervules are straight and in almost the same straight line, in Z. emolus they are 
both concave, and their general direction is outwardly oblique. The chief point of difference be- 
tween the two genera is, in my opinion, the presence of three fine ciliated tails to the hindwing 
in Lycenesthes, which appear to be entirely absent in Wiphanda. As far as is known at present, 
Niphanda contains but two species—-V. cymdéa which occurs in Sikkim, and J. /éssedlata at 
Penang. A third species, Wiphanda fusca, Bremer and Grey, has been recorded from Amur- 
land, China and Japan, by Mr. J. H. Elwes,* and from Japan, Yesso and Corea by Mr, J. H. 
Leech,t but I quite agree with the former writer that in form and coloration it does not seem 
to very closely resemble the other described species of the genus, though it may belong to it. 
714. Niphanda eymbia, de N. (Frontispiece, Fics. 130 ¢, 131 @). 
N.? cymbia, de Nicéville, Journ. A. S. B., vol. lii, pt. 2, p. 76, n.16, pl. ix, figs. 8, male; 8a, female 
(1883) ; WV. cymébia, Staudinger, Ex. Schmett., p. 270, pl. xciv, male (1888); N. plinioides, Moore, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. Lond., 1883, p 524, pl. xlviii, fig. 8, female; N. tesselata, de Nicéville, (xec Moore), Journ A. S.B., vol. 
li, pt. 2, p. 61, n. 168 (1882). 
Habitat: Sikkim. 
EXPANSE: 6, 1'05 to 1'15 32, I°I5 to 1°40 inches. 
DescRIPTION : *f MALE. UPPERSIDE, forewzng shining violet ; the costa, outer margin, a 
disco-cellular streak andthe veins black. Aindwing also violet, with the costal, outer and 
abdominal margins black, this black border ascending in two conical-shaped spots between the 
median nervules. UNDERSIDE, o/h wings sullied white, the markings fuliginous. Forewing with 
a basal streak, an increasing band from the subcostal nervure to the inner margin crossing the 
middle of the cell, an oval spot closing the cell, a discal series of six quadrate spots broken at the 
second median nervule, the two lower ones nearer the base of the wing, a patch beyond the four 
upper spots, wide on thecosta, decreasing to the fourth spot, where it ends ina fine point, a sub- 
marginal irregular line and marginal spots, the two spots between the median nervules the largest 
and most prominent, a fine anteciliary black line. Azndwing with a spot at the base, three spots 
beyond, the one on the costa the largest and darkest ; a double spot closing the cell, with 
two spots above it, the upper one very large, oval and black ; a very irregular discal series, 
* Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 883. 
f Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1887, p. 410, n. 31. 
