LYCANIDA. TARUCUS. 191 
these two types to institute any comparisons, in respect to the size and distribution of the spots, 
between Kollar’s zara and other forms of the variable ¢heophrastus. The description, such 
as it is, suits ¢heophrastus generally, and all that can be really decided is that the types represent- 
ed a theophrastus (?) of 114 lines in expanse, and of a decidedly white undersurface with black 
spots. The terms used by Kollar, who is precise in definition, both in his Latin and German 
descriptions, for the colours of the underside, are distinctly black and white, not blackish, or 
fuscous or brown or whitish: so far he is precise: but the size and the exact arrangement 
of these spots is not in the slightest degree indicated, beyond the fact that they were arranged 
‘band fashion.’ The basal streak, however, on the forewing, so characteristic of 7. theophrastus, 
is clearly described, as are also the four or five golden green bespecked spots on the exterior 
margin of the hindwing below; so that we may safely assume that 7. ¢heophrastus or a form 
of that species is here described ; but that isall. But when writers of the present day proceed 
to compare the size and arrangement of the spots of their newly-named species with those of 
Kollar’s 7. zara, they must evolve from their inner consciousness alone some imaginary 7. nara 
with which to effect the comparison. 
In the Indian Museum, Calcutta, are three males, two from Kalka in the Punjab and one 
from Bholahat in the Malda district, which have been named 7: xara by Mr. Moore. But these 
specimens agree (in the arrangement though not in colour of the spots below) exactly with Mr. 
Butler’s description of 7. cad/inara, and I do not know the basis of Mr. Moore’s identifi- 
cations of these particular specimens with the very meagrely described 7. mara of Kollar; 
in fact, it may be certainly affirmedthat to whatever form of 7. ¢heophrastus these three specimens 
pertain it is zof to the black-spotted 7. zara, as their spots below are all ferruginous-brown. 
The fact is there is nothing to distinguish 7’. zara as described by Kollar from 7. theophrastus 
as described by Horsfield. 
Colonel A. M. Lang, R. E., reports that in Kumaon he has found this species very un- 
common ; but at 5,500 feet altitude near Naini Tal he has taken in June specimens clear white 
below with the markings black or nearly so, and thus coinciding with the description, as far 
as it goes, of Kollar’s N.-W. Himalayan insect 7. xara. 
754. Tarucus callinara, Butler. 
T. callinava, Butler, Ann.. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth series, vol. xvill, p. 185, n. 24 (1886); idem, 
id., 1. c., sixth series, vol. i, p. 147, n. 46 (1888). 
Hasirat : Sheemagar, Upper Burma, December ; Hurripur, N.-W. India, 13th October, 
1886 ; various parts of India (Buéler). 
EXPANSE : ‘95 of an inch. 
DescrIPTION : “ Near to 7% nara, Kollar, with which both sexes agree on the upperside ; 
on the underside, however, they agree with Z. venosus, Moore, the black markings being 
all much enlarged; the submarginal lunules separate, instead of in a continuous dentate- 
sinuate line ; the series of spots beyond the cell of the hindwing quite distinctly arranged, 
commencing with three spots in a regular oblique series, the third of these forming the first 
of three spots arranged in a triangle, and beyond these two spots placed angle to angle, the 
lower one contiguous with the subbasal series.” 
‘“ The preceding appears to bea widely-distributed species, occurring in various parts of 
India and flying in May, July, August, September, and December. We have received it in all 
Colonel Swinhoe’s collections under the name of 7. theophrastus, Fabricius, an African 
species, differing considerably from it in the arrangement of the markings on the underside 
of the hindwing.” (zéd/er, 1. c.) 
The arrangement of the spots on the underside of the hindwing agrees exactly with that 
of some specimens which have been named for the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Mr. Moore, 
as Z. nara, Kollar, but which (as I have above shown) cannot be referred to that particular 
form of 7. theophrastus. In 7. venosus, Moore, also, the submarginal lunules on the underside 
of both wings are often separated into distinct spots, and I know of no single character by which 
7. callinara can be distinguished. It is said to have its underside markings different from 
