196 LYCENIDA, CASTALIUS, 
There is more diversity in the coloration and markings in the speties of this genus than is 
usual amongst Zycenide of this group, but all are well-distinguished by a white or pale 
yellow underside heavily marked with large black spots and blotches. On the upperside 
C. rosimon in both sexes has some metallic blue at the base of the wings only ; this is characteristic 
also of the female of C. amanda, of which species, however, the male is deep shining purple on 
the upperside, in this respect being unique in the genus. C. e¢hion and C. airavati have the 
male brilliant metallic pale blue on the upperside with a white discal band to both sexes, the 
females lacking the blue coloration altogether. All the other species are without blue in either 
sex, but are easily distinguished by the disposition and shape of the black markings on the 
underside. Most of the species are common where they occur, and many of them have a 
wide range. Their flight is rapid, but never sustained for long distances. They almost always 
settle on the ground or on low plants, seldom or never on high bushes or trees. The males of 
C. elna and C. decidia in Sikkim are very common on damp spots by the sides of streams 
sucking up the moisture. In three species, C. vosimon, C. elna, and C. decidia, seasonal di- 
morphism occurs to a very great extent ; this takes the usual form of melanism in the rains and 
albinism in the dry-season. In Ceylon, where the seasons are more equable, the extreme dry- 
season form of C. decidia (interruptus) does not occur, though the intermediate form (hama- 
tus) ismet with. As regards the distribution of the genus, it occurs in Africa, throughout In- 
dia, Ceylon, the Andaman and Nicobar Isles,‘Burma, and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 
As the genus is used by but few authors, I am unable to give its exact distribution, or to in- 
dicate how many species are known to occur in it. The transformations of no species of the 
genus are known, as far as I am aware. 
Koy tothe Indian species of Castalius. 
A. Both sexes, upperside, both wings, ground-colour white, marked with large black spots and an outer black 
margin ; base of the wings metallic blue. 
759. C. ROSIMoN, India, Ceylon, Andamans and Nicobars, Burma, 
Malay Peninsula, Siam, Malay Archipelago. ; 
B. Male, upperside, both wings, ground-colour deep shining purple, with narrow outer black margins. Female, 
upperside, ground-colour blackish, base of wings metallic blue. 
760, C. ANANDA, Sikkim, Assam, Orissa, South Indias 
C. Both sexes, upperside, both wings, ground-colour black, with a discal white band. 
a. Male, upperside, both wings with the base and disc glossed with metallic light blue. Female 
entirely black. Both sexes with two subbasal parallel black bands an underside of 
forewing. 
a’, Both sexes, upperside, both wings with discal white band wide ; underside, both 
wings, markings small, hindwing with discal spots well-separated. 
761. C. ETHION, South India, Ceylon, Andamans, Assam, Burma, 
Malay Peninsula, Siam, Malay Archipelago. 
4’, Both sexes, upperside, both wings with discal white band narrow ; underside, both 
wings, markings large, hindwing with discal spots connected, forming a band, 
762, C. atRAvATI, Great Nicobar Island. 
b. Male, upperside, both wings unglossed with blue. 
a'. Underside, forewing, with a single straight subbasal black band. 
a’, Underside, hindwing, base of costa white. 
763. C, roxus, Andamans, Burma, Malay Peninsula and Archi- 
pelago. 
£2, Underside, hindwing, base of costa black, black markings much broader than 
iu C. voxus, discal white band on upperside narrower. 
764- C. MANLUENA, Nicobar Isles. 
64. Underside, forewing, with a single elbowed subbasal black band. 
765. C. ELNA, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula, 
Java, Orissa, Andamans. 
cl, Underside, forewing, with a single elbowed subbasal black band as in C. edwa, but in 
addition a basal longitudinal clavate black streak. 
766, C, pEcIpIA, Bombay, Malda, Sikkim, Assam, Orissa, Ganjam, 
Nilgivis, Ceylon, 
